1. Formats to the Rescue Gary McQuown Data and Analytic Solutions Inc. Fairfax, VA.

2. Combining Data A B C MERGE SQL JOIN Key

3. Combining Data INDEX A B C

4. Combining Data HASHING A C B

5. Combining Data A G C E D C B HF I J FORMATS Key W Key ZKey YKey X

6. Issues  Sorts or Index are Impractical  Many “Small” Tables  Frequently Used Process  Efficiency  Ease of Use

7. Formats Table lookup Associate one value with another format date date9.; 09OCT2006 format zip cityz. ; New York

8. put ( start, $myfmt. ) First Name, Last Name, DEA #, EIN, SSN, DOB, Specialty, Complaints, Office Address, Home Address, States Licensed, Drug Class Allowed, Sanctions, etc. Drug Names, Drug Category, Drug Class Latitude, Longitude, City, County, State

9. Advantages No Sorting of Primary File Sort Smaller Files Unique Start Values

10. Advantages Efficient (where=( put(start, $myfmt.) = “1” )) Reads only selected rows

11. Advantages Flexible var = put(start, $myfmt.); if put(start, $myfmt.) = “XX” format (start, myfmt.)

12. Advantages Reusable (library = library) Catalogs Reduces Coding (replaces if then !) Easily Update

13. Easy to Create Numeric proc format; value SexNum 1=“Male“ 0=“Female”; run; Character proc format; value $ SexChar ‘1’=“Male“ ‘0’=“Female”; run;

14. proc sort data= FOO nodupkey; by FROM_VAL; run; data MYFMT (keep = fmtname hlo label start type); retain fmtname “ MYFMT ” type “ N ” ; set FOO; end = lastrec; start = FROM_VAL; label = TO_VAL; output; if lastrec then do; hlo = “ O ” ; label = “ 0 ” ; output; end; run; proc format cntlin = MYFMT library=library; run;

15. FMTNAME = name TYPE = “ C ” “ N ” “ I ” “ J ” “ P ” START =values to be converted. LABEL =values to become. HLO = “ H ” “ L ” “ O ”

16. proc sort data= FOO nodupkey; by FROM_VAL; run;

17. data MYFMT (keep = fmtname hlo label start type); retain fmtname “ MYFMT ” type “ N ” ; set FOO; end = lastrec; start = FROM_VAL; label = TO_VAL; output;

18. if lastrec then do; hlo = “ O ” ; label = “ 0 ” ; output; end; run;

19. Other, HI and LOW Dept_Num =put(EMPID, Department_Number.); Dept_Name =put(Dep_num, Department_Name.); Grade_Level =put(EMP_ID, Grade_Level.); Full_Name =put(EMPID, Full_Name.); Dept_NameFull_NameEMP_IDDept_NumGrade_Level ITJohn Doe1357937 Management24680 22 Unknown 2468000

20. Other, HI and LOW Dept_Num =put(EMPID, Department_Number.); Dept_Name =put(Dep_num, Department_Name.); Grade_Level =put(EMP_ID, Grade_Level.); Full_Name =put(EMPID, Full_Name.); Dept_NameFull_NameEMP_IDDept_NumGrade_Level ITJohn Doe1357937 Management24680 22 Unknown 2468000

21. Other, HI and LOW Dept_Num =put(EMPID, Department_Number.); Dept_Name =put(Dep_num, Department_Name.); Grade_Level =put(EMP_ID, Grade_Level.); Full_Name =put(EMPID, Full_Name.); Dept_NameFull_NameEMP_IDDept_NumGrade_Level ITJohn Doe1357937 Management24680 22 Unknown 2468000

22. OPTIONS  FMTSEARCH to search Libraries  NOFMTERR use original values if the format does not exist

23. Formats Merging Matching Sub Setting New Variables Data Cleaning Reporting Analysis Large Tables Many Tables Many Key Fields Flexibility Efficiency Easy to Use

24. Questions and Comments

25. Thank you Gary McQuown Data and Analytic Solutions Inc. Fairfax, VA. 703-628-5681 http://www.DASconsultants.com SAS is a Registered Trademark of the SAS Institute, Inc. of Cary, North Carolina.