1. Daylight as an Evolutionary Architectural Form Finder. Tarek Rakha The American University in Cairo Paper id: 121 Authors:Tarek Rakha and Khaled Nassar.

2. Paper Contents Introduction –Objectives –Literature Review Ceiling Form Optimization Methodology –Daylighting/Ceiling Problem Formulation –Optimization Process Ceiling Example, Results & Discussion –Optimization Results –Ceiling Form & Daylighting Analysis Conclusion

3. Introduction ConclusionResults / DiscussionMethodology Introduction Evolution of form generation is becoming based on performance (performative) strategies Emphasis shifts from the “Generation of Form” to the “Finding of Form”. Kolarevic B (2005) Computing the performative. In: Kolarevic B and Malkawi A, eds. Performative Architecture: Beyond Instrumentality. New York: Spon Press.

4. Introduction Objective –Develop a Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) procedure/tool for optimizing a generic curvilinear ceiling form in accordance with daylight uniformity. Literature Review –Geometry of Form –Shading Devices –Window Design ConclusionResults / DiscussionMethodology Introduction

5. Ceiling Form Optimization Methodology ConclusionResults / Discussion Methodology Introduction What is a Genetic Algorithm (GA)? Yi, Y. and Malkawi A., (2009). Optimizing building form for energy performance based on hierarchical geometry relation. Automation in Construction 18: 825-833. Stage 1: Stage 2: Stage 3:

6. Ceiling Form Optimization Methodology Daylighting/Ceiling Problem Formulation ConclusionResults / Discussion Methodology Introduction

7. Ceiling Form Optimization Methodology ConclusionResults / Discussion Methodology Introduction Sweeped B-spline Ceiling Chromosome Gene P2(z2,y2)

8. Ceiling Form Optimization Methodology Optimization Process ConclusionResults / Discussion Methodology Introduction Fitness Functions: Daylight Uniformity

9. Ceiling Form Optimization Methodology Optimization Process ConclusionResults / Discussion Methodology Introduction Crossover Mutation

10. Ceiling Form Optimization Methodology Optimization Process ConclusionResults / Discussion Methodology Introduction

11. Ceiling Form Finding Example, Results & Discussion Example Case Conclusion Results / Discussion MethodologyIntroduction

12. Ceiling Form Finding Example, Results & Discussion Example Case Conclusion Results / Discussion MethodologyIntroduction Simulation parameters were as follows:  Location: Cairo, Egypt (Latitude: 29.8, Longitude: 31.3).  Date and time: June 21st (summer), 12 Noon.  Sky condition: clear sky with sunshine.  Ground reflectance: 20% - medium colored stone.  Walls reflectance: 56% - off white color paint.  Ceiling reflectance: 85.7% - plasterboard.  Floor reflectance: 59.2% - grey colored concrete.  Glass visible light transmittance (VLT): 85%.  Analysis grid: 20 measuring point in a grid of 2.5m *2.5m at a height of 0.75m.  Four B-spline ceiling control nodes (P0, P1, P2 and P3) with limitations: (2.0m < z1, z2 < 3.5m), (2.2m < z0, z3 < 3.3m), (0.1m < y1 < 5.4m) and (5.4m < y2 < 10.79m)

13. Ceiling Form Finding Example, Results & Discussion Conclusion Results / Discussion MethodologyIntroduction Optimization Results

14. Ceiling Form Finding Example, Results & Discussion Conclusion Results / Discussion MethodologyIntroduction Optimization Results

15. Ceiling Form Finding Example, Results & Discussion Conclusion Results / Discussion MethodologyIntroduction Ceiling Form & Daylighting Analysis Selected chromosomes of ceiling form changes.

16. Ceiling Form Finding Example, Results & Discussion Conclusion Results / Discussion MethodologyIntroduction Ceiling Form & Daylighting Analysis Optimized Unfit

17. Ceiling Form Finding Example, Results & Discussion Conclusion Results / Discussion MethodologyIntroduction Discussion Ceiling geometry that gives comparable performance, allowing choice in optimum design (50 p/i).

18. Through this procedure, the code demonstrated different novel directions for performativly fit geometry, which leaves the architect with a variety of choices for design. The computer now becomes more than a visualization tool; an unbiased tireless partner in design with extraordinary ways of approaching problems. Conclusion Results / DiscussionMethodologyIntroduction

19. Conclusion Results / DiscussionMethodologyIntroduction Daylighting Quantity Quality Geometry 3D Mesh NURBS Etc… Performance Thermal Acoustics Air Flow Multicriteria Etc… Further Research

20. Architectural Design is the Elegant Science of Creation