1. Power-Sharing Institutions of Federal States Political Science Faculty Master course Compound System of Governance Thomas Fleiner

2. Shared Rule Self Rule C o n s t i t u t i o n Basic Elements of Federalism

3. Constitution Making Common Law Function Civil Law Function Continuity Big Bang Pouvoir Constituant – Pouvoir Constitué – Legislature Amendment process USA, Canada, Australia Eternity Clauses Federal States

4. Democratic Governance Federal Governance Good Governance

5. Principles DemocracyRule of Law Fundamental Rights

6. Three Governmental Systems: Presidential System Westminter Type System Directorial System Semipresi- dential

7. In Parliament Centralized Sovereignty Parliament Head of State Cabinet

8. In Parliament centralized Sovereignty Parliament Head of State Cabinet

9. In Parliament centralized Sovereignty Parliament Head of State Cabinet

10. Crown Lords Commons

11. Crown Lords Commons

12. Crown Lords Commons

13. Cabinet Lords Crown Westminster

14. Elements of Influence Political Rights One man one vote one value Electoral System Constituency Major. Propor. Volonté Générale Volonté de Tous Borough Major. Propor. relativeabsolute Whole Country

15. Governmen- tal System Position First Chamber Status of Members of P Position of Parties Electoral system Electoral concept

16. Presidential System USA

17. Congress Represen- tatives Senate President Supreme Court USA Sover. Legislature Sover. Executive Sover. Judiciary

18. Federal Government Ges Jud Exe Governments Of States LegExeJud Federal Affairs People Citizens States

19. One Person One vote One Nation Each Canton Two votes Fed. Assembly National- council Cantons Federal Council (semi)Direct Democracy Initiative - Referendum Challenge for all Institutions Confl. manage. Education Lobbies Parties

20. People and Cantons Federation Canton Municiplali. Implem ent. Implement Vollzug Election Referendum Eölect. referendum

21. Forms of Federal Executives and Legislatures in Selected Federations

22. Federat ion Executive Legislature Head of Government Head Fe- deration Bicameral unic. Leg. Austr.CabinetPrime Mini.MonarchBicamer. AustriaCabinetChancellorEl. Presid.Bicamer. Belgi.CabinetPrime Mini.MonarchBicamer. CanadaCabinetPrime. Mini.MonarchBicamer. Germa.CabinetChancellorPres. El. Assembly Bicamer. Malays.CabinetPrime.Min.Sel. Her. rulers Bicamer. SpainCabinetPrime.Min.MonarchBicamer. CHFixed term Exec.Dire. Rot. Pres. Bicamer. USSep. Pres. Congress PresidentPres. Elected Bicamer.

23. Variations in Selection, Composition and Powers of Second Chambers S. Watts

24. SelectionCompositionPowersRole App. By Fed. Gov. CA Mal. 63% Seats Equal Regio. Repr. CA Absol Veto Mediation US, CH Legislature CH; US, AT AU MY App. By F.Gv. Nom. Provinc. Equ. St. Re. AU, US,CH Abs. Veto f. some Leg. Legis.; int. Gvt Rel ZA App. State Gov. GE 2 Cat. Of St. Repres. CH Susp. Veto time ES MY Interpret. Const. Ethi. Ind. El. State legis. AT IN MY Weighed. St. Repr. AU. IN. Susp.Veto GE Dir.El. Simpl. Plur. CH, US Weighed St. Repr. IN, AT Deadlock: joint Sitting Dir. El. Prop. AU Ad.repr.for other IN,MY Deadlock: Diss. Joint Sit. Choice left to Cantons CH Min. reg. repr. ES,BE Money Bill Sus Veto IN,My Mixed. BE.ES, MY Repr. Nation Ehtiop. Judic. Funct. Ethiop.

25. Council Head of States States Council of Ministers Parliament Peoples Presi- dent Commission President Foreign Aff. European Union People(‘s?) of the Union?

26. Concluding Remarks

27. Major Issues Democratic participation of the people Democratic accountability Horizontal and vertical Checks and Ba- lances / Separation of powers Transparency including participation Rule of Law Participation of federal units and People’s

28. Major Challenges Parties, Parliament and election Checks and Balances Independence of Judiciary local and federal Nation and Nation-Building One or two chambers? Democratic governance versus Federal governance