4. Life in the American Colonies by 1760

6. Colonies established self-government system. Oldest of which was Virginia’s House of Burgesses In most colonies, women could participate in economy but few could own property – non could vote If you could not afford to come to the colonies, you could have your passage paid and agree to serve 4-7 years as an indentured servant. Early in colonial settlement, many servants did not live long enough to fulfill their contracts. By 1760, their chances had improved. Southern colonies developed “slave codes” to control their growing slave populations.

7. The French Neighbors The growing population in the British colonies made the French nervous. They needed to protect their lucrative fur trade.

8. Global Tension The French and the British were not just competing in North America. –Africa –India –Europe (Germany) –and North America Plus – The French had allied with the Spanish

9. North America in 1750

10. Ben Franklin  representatives from New England, New York, Maryland, Pennsylvania & Iroquois nations met to try to create an organization similar to the Iroquois League Albany Congress  failed. Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French. 1754  Albany Plan of Union

11. While delegates were meeting in Albany…

12. BritishFrench Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians The Ohio Valley 1754  The First Clash

13. Gen. Edward Braddock Sent to evict the French from the Ohio Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia) But… 1755  British Decide to Eliminate French Presence in N. America

14. The French and Indians attacked from the trees - destroyed the British Braddock was killed 10 miles from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian forces.

15. Native American tribes exploited by both sides! Lord Loudouin Marquis de Montcalm 1756  War Is Formally Declared!

16. British March in formation or bayonet charge. Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings. Drills & tough discipline. Colonists should pay for their own defense. Indian-style guerilla tactics. Col. militias served under own captains. No mil. deference or protocols observed. Resistance to rising taxes. Casual, non-professionals. Methods of Fighting: Military Organization: Military Discipline: Finances: Demeanor: British-American Colonial Tensions Colonials

17. He understood colonial concerns. He offered them a compromise: - Colonial loyalty & military cooperation - Colonial loyalty & military cooperation -->Britain would reimburse colonial assemblies for their costs. -->Britain would reimburse colonial assemblies for their costs. - Lord Loudouin would be removed. - Lord Loudouin would be removed. RESULTS?  Colonial morale increased by 1758. 1757  William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister

18. 1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England

19. France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England. England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India. 1763  Treaty of Paris

20. North America in 1763

21. How does it compare? 1750 1763

22. 1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary! Effects of the War on Britain?

23. 1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify. Effects of the War on the American Colonials