1. The World Outside of Europe After World War I Bell: Madero Reading Part 2- At the bottom of your Madero handout, explain the relationship between each of the following: * Diaz * Diaz * Foreign Investors * Nationalism * Nationalism

2. Latin America Focused on becoming economically independent Focused on becoming economically independent Increased sense of economic nationalism Increased sense of economic nationalism By the 1930’s, US adopts the Good Neighbor Policy By the 1930’s, US adopts the Good Neighbor Policy

3. What about US-Latin American Relations?

4. The United States made many investments in Latin America in the early 1900s, but also interfered when its interests were threatened. This policy supported Latin American nationalism and improved relations between Latin America and the United States. These actions stirred up anti-American feelings in Latin America. U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt pledged that America would follow the Good Neighbor Policy in Latin America.

5. Focus: Nationalism contribute to changes in Africa and the Middle East following World War I

6. They hoped to be rewarded with independence after the war. During World War I, more than one million Africans fought on the side of the Allies for their colonial rulers. At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, the Allies denied independence to African colonies and kept them under European control.

7. Under imperialism, Europeans forced Africans to: In the early 1900s, almost all of Africa was ruled by European powers. Work on plantations or in mines Pay taxes to colonial governments Carry identification cards Live and travel only where allowed by Europeans

8. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, Africans in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and other countries resisted the colonial system. Protesters used many techniques. They: Settled illegally on European-owned plantations Organized illegal labor unions Formed unauthorized associations and political parties

9. The most successful nationalist movement in Africa after World War I took place in Egypt. Egyptians united behind the Wafd party, whose protests, strikes, and riots forced Britain to grant Egypt independence in 1922. Britain still controlled Egypt’s monarchy and left troops to guard the Suez Canal. The Muslim Brotherhood was formed during the 1930s to foster broad Islamic nationalism.

10. Other Nationalist Movements in Africa

12. Apartheid in Africa Europeans enact a system of racial segregation known as apartheid in an effort to maintain control Europeans enact a system of racial segregation known as apartheid in an effort to maintain control

13. Segregation in South Africa became even stricter after 1948, when apartheid became law. Between 1910 and 1940, whites in South Africa imposed a system of racial segregation. At that time, blacks: Could not hold the best-paying jobs Had to carry passes and couldn’t vote Were forced to live on crowded “reserves”

14. What was apartheid? –Apartheid Handout

15. How would South Africans fight apartheid? Form political groups such as the African National Congress Form political groups such as the African National Congress Would use passive (non-violent) resistance Would use passive (non-violent) resistance

16. One response by South African blacks was the creation of the African National Congress (ANC). The ANC was ignored by the South African government. The ANC: Formed in South Africa in 1912 by African Christian churches and African-run newspapers Demanded rights for black South Africans Worked through legal means to protest unfair laws Built a framework for later political action

22. What did black Africans want?

23. The Middle East

24. During World War I, the allies promised independence to Middle Eastern peoples in return for help against the Ottomans. This stirred nationalist feelings among the Arabs across borders. The reality was that the lands of the Middle East were divided between Britain and France after the war.

26. Nationalist Movements in the Middle East Opposition to imperial rule fueled nationalism Opposition to imperial rule fueled nationalism Fall of the Ottoman Empire added to that Nationalism –why? Fall of the Ottoman Empire added to that Nationalism –why?

27. Pan-Arabism sought to free Arabs from foreign domination (end the mandates) One of its goals ----stop the exploitation of Arab oil reserves by the European powers. Arab nationalists created the Pan-Arabism movement.

29. Turks resisted Western control and fought to build a modern nation apart from other Arab nations Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) Mustafa Kemal Mustafa Kemal How did he westernize and modernize Turkey? How did he westernize and modernize Turkey? How did he westernize and modernize Turkey? How did he westernize and modernize Turkey?

30. "This nation has never lived without independence. We cannot and shall not live without it. Either independence or death." M. Kemal Atatürk.

31. Modernizing and Westernizing Turkey Replaced Islamic law with the European model Replaced Islamic law with the European model Replaced Arabic Script with the Western Alphabet Replaced Arabic Script with the Western Alphabet Closed Religious Schools and opened up secular schools Closed Religious Schools and opened up secular schools Women Voted Women Voted Got rid of the Muslim Calendar for the Christian Got rid of the Muslim Calendar for the Christian Built Roads, factories, railroads Built Roads, factories, railroads Western Dress became Law Western Dress became Law Back Back Back

34. Atatürk’s reforms were successful, and nationalists in Persia (present-day Iran) followed his lead. Reza Khan overthrew the shah modernize, Westernize, and secularize Persia (Iran) angered Muslim religious leaders. British oil companies hire Persians and to give Persia a larger share of the profits

35. Israel

36. Theodor Herzl responded to growing European anti-Semitism by founding the modern Zionist movement. The goal - rebuild a Jewish state in Palestine. V iolence- prompts thousands of Jews to migrate to Palestine These immigrants joined a small Jewish community that had lived there since Biblical times.

37. In 1917, the British tried to win the support of European Jews by issuing the Balfour Declaration. They advocated setting up a national home for the Jewish people. The Allies had promised Palestine to both the Arabs and the Jews. The Allies promised Arabs their own kingdoms in former Ottoman lands, including Palestine, after the end of World War I.

38. From 1919 to 1940, many Jews and Arabs migrated to Palestine. Tensions between the two groups developed. The Balfour Declaration noted that the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish communities in Palestine had to be preserved. For the rest of the century Arabs and Jews fought over the land.

41. Using your textbook pgs. 496-502