1. Slide content created by Charlie Cook, The University of West Alabama Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Chapter Six The Multicultural Environment

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–2 Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1.Describe the nature of diversity and multiculturalism. 2.Identify and describe the major trends and dimensions of diversity and multiculturalism in organizations. 3.Discuss the primary effects of diversity and multiculturalism in organizations. 4.Describe individual strategies for and organizational approaches to managing diversity and multiculturalism in organizations. 5.Discuss the characteristics of the fully multicultural organization.

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–3 The Nature of Diversity and Multiculturalism Multiculturalism –The broad issues associated with differences in values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes held by people in different cultures. Diversity –When members of a group differ from one another along dimensions such as age, gender, or ethnicity.

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–4 Figure 6.1: Reasons for Increasing Diversity and Multiculturalism

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–5 Dimensions of Diversity and Multiculturalism Age Distributions –Average age of the U.S. workforce is increasing and will continue to do so for the next several years. Gender –Females were 46% of the workforce in 1994. –The “glass ceiling” has a discriminatory effect of on female managers. Ethnicity –U.S. workforce will have an increasing number of Hispanic workers and a decline in white workers.

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–6 Figure 6.2: Age Distribution Trends in the United States

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–7 Figure 6.3: Percentage of Japan’s Population Over 65

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–8 Figure 6.4: Ethnicity Distribution Trends in the United States Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–9 Dimensions of Diversity and Multiculturalism (cont’d) Other Dimensions of Diversity –More handicapped individuals in the workforce. –Increases due to diversity in religious and political beliefs and viewpoints, lifestyles, and various other individual characteristics. Multicultural Differences –The increasing globalization of business –Immigration patterns

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–10 Figure 6.5: How Diversity and Multiculturali sm Promote Competitive Advantage

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–11 Table 6.1: America’s Best Companies for Minorities

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–12 Diversity, Multiculturalism, and Conflict Sources of Conflict –Personnel actions being attributed to diversity status. –Misunderstood, misinterpreted, or inappropriate actions between people or groups. –Cultural differences in work hours, personal styles, interpersonal relations, and conflict. –Fear, distrust, or individual prejudices.

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–13 Managing Diversity and Multiculturalism in Organizations Individual Strategies –Understanding the nature and meaning of diversity and multiculturalism. –Developing empathy in understanding the perspective of others. –Developing tolerance of fundamental cultural differences. –Having a willingness to communicate and discuss diversity and multiculturalism issues.

14. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–14 Toward The Multicultural Organization Basic Characteristics –Pluralism –Full structural integration –Full integration of the informal network –Absence of prejudice and discrimination. –No gap in organizational identification –Low levels of intergroup conflict.

15. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–15 Figure 6.6: The Multicultural Organization

16. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.6–16 Key Terms diversity multiculturalism glass ceiling ethnicity diversity and multicultural training multicultural organization