1. Tying up loose threads

2. Main teaching points End of the Cold War
Canada in the 1980s and beyond: connecting to the key themes

3. End of the Cold war
Main Ideas:
Détente
Afghanistan
Soviet Collapse

4. Period of Détente Détente: a relaxation of tension
Lasted from late-1960s to 1979
Examples from the period of détente:
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 1968
“let’s stop building so many nukes”
The Helsinki Accords, 1975
Agreement on the boundaries of Europe (finally!)
USSR agrees to respect human rights
Jimmy Carter
Leonid Brezhnev

5. War in Afghanistan,
Soviet Union entered Afghanistan’s civil war in 1979
The West, India, and China were not impressed
This became a proxy war – the détente was over
The USA and China provided $ and weapons to the Mujahedeen (the Afghan rebels)
(These rebels included the likes of Osama Bin Laden and others who would later form Al Qaida)
Soviets withdrew in 1988
Comparable to USA’s involvement in Vietnam
Soviet Spetsnaz (special operations) group prepares for a mission, 1988

6. War in Afghanistan,
Soviet troops withdrawing, 1988

7. Soviet Collapse Gorbachev became leader in 1985
A reformer; wanted to bring about change
Glasnost, 1986 – “openness”
Perestroika 1987 – “restructuring”
If you give a commie an inch, she’ll take a mile!
The floodgates were opened and there was no going back
Berlin wall comes down, 1989
Problems with the Soviet Union
Economic stagnation
Black market
Poor quality consumer goods
Not enough food
Line-ups, endless line-ups
Waiting lists for televisions, cars, etc.
Military spending – up to 25% of Soviet government income
Political stagnation and corruption
I’m comfortable; I don’t want to change
Ideology had failed and replaced by ethnic nathionalism
Soviet Union officially disintegrated at the end of 1991
Mikhail Gorbachev
GS of the CP of the SU

8. Canada in the 80s and Beyond

9. Canada in the 80s and Beyond
Main ideas:
Economics
Regionalism
Changing society

10. Canada in the 80s and Beyond
Economy:
1800s-1930s - Laissez Faire approach
1930s - beginning of new solutions (Keynes)
WWII very hands on approach
s - hands on
- expansion of the welfare state
- conservatives and liberals willing to
spend the $$ for services
1980s - economic recession; governments start tightening belts
- neo-conservatism; gov’t backing off

11. Canada in the 80s and Beyond
Regional Tension: We can look at two new political parties to discuss regionalism.
Reform Party of Canada
Bloq Quebecois

12. Canada in the 80s and Beyond
Regional Tension:
Reform Party of Canada
Emerged in the 1993 federal election
Represented Western discontent
Opposed bilingualism and special status for Quebec
Very conservative
Restrict immigration
Cut social services
Reform Party of Canada
Bloq Quebecois

13. Canada in the 80s and Beyond
Regional Tension:
Bloq Québecois
Emerged in the 1993 federal election and became the official opposition
Represented interests of separatist Québecois
A Federal party representing ONE province
Reform Party of Canada
Bloq Quebecois

14. Canada in the 80s and Beyond
Immigration With the person beside you, look at the table on page 152 in your workbook and consider the following: In 2001 where were most immigrants coming from? Pre-1981 where were most immigrants coming from?