1. BELLWORK Explain the political effects of the Great Leap Forward.
Explain the importance of the following people:
Lin Biao
Liu Shaoqi
Zhou Enlai
Deng Xiaoping
THINKER: When Mao Zedong died in 1976, the CCP divided into two factions, each vying for control of China. Make a prediction  What are the two factions? What would each faction want from China in the 1970’s?

2. Liu Shaoqi
President of the People's Republic of China from 1959 to 1968, during which he implemented policies of economic reconstruction in China.

3. Zhou Enlai First Premier of the PRC: 1949-1976
Long-time aide to Mao, specialized in foreign policy
After Korean War, advocated peaceful co-existence
Due to his expertise and popularity, he was able to avoid the purges
Allied with other moderates
His death (8 months before Mao) turned into public anger towards the government leading to the Tiananmen Square incident.

4. Deng Xiaoping Head of the Secretariat of the CCP
Pre-GLF: Out-argued Soviet theorists/ politicians; embarrassing for USSR
Post-GLF: Implemented many moderate reforms with Liu Shaoqi
Feeling threatened, by the moderates in the party, Mao will eventually remove Liu and Deng from power and force them into labor camps ( )
After death of Mao, he will compete (and eventually overthrow) radicals within the CCP to come to power

5. Lin Biao
Leader of the Red Army in the Civil War (vital to their success)
Under Mao, Lin was the Defense Minister & leading radical of CCP
In 1969, he was officially named as Mao’s successor
In the early 1970’s Lin had a “falling out” with Mao
Zhou Enlai was Mao’s next choice

6. Hua Guofeng
In 1976, Zhou Enlai died and Mao backed Hua Guofeng as the new premier.
He was the Minister for Public Security during the Cultural Revolution
Was a “compromise candidate” – did not belong to either faction
Challenged by Deng (vice-chairman of CCP in 1977)
In 1980, Hua’s unpopular reforms will lead to the rise of Deng to power

7. Gang of Four Political faction of four CCP officials
Consisted of Mao Zedong's last wife Jiang Qing, the leading figure of the group, and her close associates Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen
Anti-Soviet & Anti-American
Controlled the CCP towards end of Cultural Revolution
After Mao’s death, they rivaled Deng for power

9. Death of Mao….. Now what?

10. Reading: China post-Mao & the struggle for power
For the rest of class (potentially homework), you will read about the struggle for power following Mao’s death.
Take notes on the points listed on the handout.
Be ready to discuss Thursday!
This is KEY to “communism in crisis” topic!!!!

11. Rule of Deng Xiaoping and rapprochement with the West
China post-Mao
Rule of Deng Xiaoping and rapprochement with the West

12. Summarize the struggle for power following Mao’s death
China Post-Mao
Summarize the struggle for power following Mao’s death

13. Rule of Hua Guofeng & his effectiveness

14. Re-emergence of Deng Xiaoping

15. Deng’s Economic Policies

16. Other reforms under Deng (industry, political, military, foreign, etc

17. 1980’s Protests: Causes & Effects

18. Relaxation of Tensions: 1980’s
Reasons for relaxation of Sino-Soviet tensions:
Mao’s death in 1976
Overthrow of the Anti-Soviet Gang of Four
New PRC leader, Deng, was more tolerant to the USSR & US
Lenoid Brezhnev’s death in 1982
Issues that still remained:
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Soviet troops on the Chinese border
Soviet support for Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia
When Gorbachev assumed Soviet leadership in 1985, there was, for first time in 20 years, a real chance at improving relations
Signed trade agreements, restored diplomatic relations, Soviets withdrew from Cambodia & Afghanistan

19. Deng “opens” China post-Mao
December 1978: took power in the Chinese Communist Party
Four Modernizations: Strengthen the fields of agriculture, industry, defense & technology
Stop exporting communist ideology in Southeast Asia
Encourage foreign travel and education
“One country, two systems=“ Massive economic reform, but still maintained communist rhetoric
Commune system dismantled (peasants allowed to own their own land & sell their own crops)
Open foreign trade
Improve relations with the West (January 1979 – U.S. recognized the PRC)
Did little to improve Sino-Soviet relations

20. “We mustn't fear to adopt the advanced management methods applied in capitalist countries (...) The very essence of socialism is the liberation and development of the productive systems (...) Socialism and market economy are not incompatible (...) We should be concerned about right-wing deviations, but most of all, we must be concerned about left-wing deviations”

22. Tiananmen Square Protests
Before Gorbachev’s visit to Beijing in April 1989, students began a peaceful protest
“Down with bureaucracy – Long live democracy!”
100,000 people (mostly students) praised Gorbachev as a hero of reform
Deng imposed martial law and sent in troops to disperse the crowds
Thousands were killed (CCP said <100)