1. Construction Type of Buildings
COSC459_PPT3

2. Building Construction Types
All construction types must be classified into the following
six types:
Frame Construction (ISO Class I, IBC Type V)
Joisted Masonry (ISO Class 2, IBC Type III, IBC Type IV)
Light Noncombustible (ISO Class 3, IBC Type IIB)
Masonry Noncombustible (ISO Class 4, IBC Type IIA)
Modified Fire Resistive (ISO Class 5, IBC Type IB)
Fire Resistive (ISO Class 6, IBC Type IA)

3. IBC & ISO
International Building Code (IBC) by International Code Council
Insurance Services Office, Inc. (ISO), a provider of data, underwriting, risk management and legal/regulatory services (with special focus on community fire-protection efforts and Building Code Effectiveness Evaluation) to property-casualty insurers and other clients.

4. How building class is determined
Classification of a building class is based on two factors: building elements and fire-resistance rating.

5. Overview for Assessing Construction Type
Building elements: The building materials used in the construction of the following elements are the foundation for classification, be they wood, steel, or masonry.
Structural frame
Exterior bearing walls
Interior bearing walls
Exterior non bearing walls and partitions
Interior non-bearing walls and partitions
Floor construction, including supporting beams and joists
Roof construction, including supporting beams and joists are comprised of

6. Fire-resistance rating: This is the other factor in determining construction class. The building materials used in the construction of the building elements above will have a fire-resistance rating. Fire-resistance rating typically means the duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test. This can be quantified simply as a measure of time (ex. 0 hours, 1 hour, or 2 hour), or it may entail a host of other criteria involving other evidence of functionality or fitness for purpose.
“Minimum” rule: It is important to remember when selecting the construction class that the building is only as strong as its weakest element.

7. To determine ISO Class
To determine the ISO class of the building, we must know the following composition of the building elements:
Structural frame
Bearing walls (interior and exterior)
Floor construction
Roof construction
What the fire rating of the materials

8. International Building Code (IBC) versus Insurance Services Office (ISO):
International Building Code (IBC): This is a model building code developed by the International Code Council (ICC). A large portion of the International Building Code deals with fire prevention. It differs from the related International Fire Code in that the IBC handles fire prevention in regards to construction and design and the fire code handles fire prevention in an ongoing basis. IBC is more descriptive and also includes A or B types of construction for each class.
A is protected, meaning that all structural members of a building or structure have an additional fire rated coating or cover by means of sheetrock, spray on, or other approved method. The additional fire rated coating or cover extends the fire resistance of the structural members by at least 1 hour.
B is unprotected, meaning that all structural members of a building or structure have no additional fire rated coating or cover. Exposed members are only fire resistant according to their natural ability, characteristics, and fire rating.

9. Insurance Services Office (ISO): This is a provider of data, underwriting, risk management and legal/regulatory services to property-casualty insurers and other clients.

10. 1. Frame Construction (ISO Class I, IBC Type V)
Frame construction is ISO Class 1. ISO Class 1 encompasses IBC Type VA and IBC Type VB. Regardless of whether the IBC classification is A (protected) or B (unprotected) the ISO Class is 1.
Building elements:
Frame buildings are buildings with exterior walls, floors, and roofs with combustible construction — or buildings with exterior walls of noncombustible or slow-burning construction with combustible floors and roofs.
Frame buildings generally have roof, floor, and supports of combustible material, usually wood, and combustible interior walls.

11. 1. Frame Construction (ISO Class I, IBC Type V) Continued..
Two variations on frame construction don't change the construction class:
Masonry veneer (brick veneer)- Masonry veneer is thin layers of brick, stone, or stucco, used for appearance purposes rather than structural support.
Metal clad - A building with a metal exterior wall may not look like frame construction, but when the metal skin is attached to wood studs and joists, ISO classifies the building as frame.
Other conditions that lead to classification as frame construction include:
Metal walls or floors sheathed with combustible materials
Metal floors or roofs with combustible insulation or ceiling material attached to the underside or within 18 inches (45.7 cm) of horizontal supports
Composite assemblies of noncombustible materials with combustible materials

12. 1. Frame Construction (ISO Class I, IBC Type V) Continued..
Advantages:
easy to erect and alter
economical
versatile
performs well in Earthquake areas – can move
Disadvantages:
fire can spread rapidly
highly damageable
may become unstable in a fire
may include enclosed spaces where fire can spread undetected

13. (Type V Construction)

14. Type V Construction http://desource.uvu.edu/ctc/iaco/iaco_01.php

15. Type V Construction

16. 2. Joisted Masonry (ISO Class 2, IBC Type III, IBC Type IV)
Joisted Masonry construction is ISO Class 2. ISO Class 2 encompasses IBC Type IIIA and IBC Type IIIB. Regardless of whether the IBC classification is A (protected) or B (unprotected) the ISO Class is 2.
IBC Type IV is Heavy Timber construction and is considered ISO Class 2. The reason is that the heavy timbers perform well and do not fail early in a fire.

17. 2. Joisted Masonry (ISO Class 2, IBC Type III, IBC Type IV) Continued..
Building elements: Joisted Masonry buildings are buildings with exterior walls of masonry or fire-resistive construction rated for not less than one hour and with combustible floors and roofs. There are several types of masonry used in the exterior bearing walls of joisted masonry buildings:
brick
concrete — either reinforced or non reinforced
hollow concrete masonry units
tile
stone
note that exterior bearing walls may also be any noncombustible materials with fire-resistance ratings of not less than one hour.

18. 2. Joisted Masonry (ISO Class 2, IBC Type III, IBC Type IV) Continued..
Advantages:
harder to ignite
consumed more slowly by fire
more structural stability
greater salvage value
lack of concealed spaces (Heavy Timber)
Disadvantages:
floors and roofs of combustible materials subject to damage by fire
presence of concealed spaces

19. (Type IV Construction)
WOOD POST AND BEAM
(Type IV Construction)

20. 3. Light Noncombustible (ISO Class 3, IBC Type IIB)
Classification: Light Noncombustible construction is ISO Class 3. ISO Class 3 encompasses IBC Type IIB (unprotected).
Building elements: Light Noncombustible buildings are buildings with exterior walls of light metal or other noncombustible material and with noncombustible floors and roofs:
buildings with exterior walls, floors, and roofs of noncombustible or slow-burning materials
building supports of noncombustible or slow-burning materials
noncombustible or slow-burning roof decks on noncombustible or slow-burning supports — regardless of the type of insulation on the roof surface

21. 3. Light Noncombustible (ISO Class 3, IBC Type IIB) Continued
Advantages:
easy to erect
economical to build
uses materials that don’t readily burn
Disadvantages:
contains steel, which loses strength at high temperatures
highly damageable buildings
unstable buildings under fire conditions
uses slow-burning materials that do burn — adding fuel to a fire

22. (Type III or V Construction)
WOOD ROOF TRUSS
(Type III or V Construction)

23. 4. Masonry Noncombustible (ISO Class 4, IBC Type IIA)
Classification: Masonry Noncombustible construction is ISO Class 4. ISO Class 4 encompasses IBC Type Type IIA (protected).
Building elements: Masonry Noncombustible buildings are buildings with exterior walls of masonry material and with noncombustible or slow burning floors and roofs.
buildings with exterior walls of masonry — not less than four inches thick, or
buildings with exterior walls of fire-resistive construction — with a rating of not less than one hour, and
noncombustible or slow-burning floors and roofs — regardless of the type of insulation on the roof surface

24. 4. Masonry Noncombustible (ISO Class 4, IBC Type IIA) Continued..
Advantages:
Uses floors and roof supported by superior exterior bearing members that provide for stability and are less likely to collapse during a fire
Uses materials that don’t readily burn
Disadvantages:
Uses unprotected steel for interior members of floors and roof, and steel loses strength and becomes less stable and more damageable at high temperatures
Uses slow-burning materials that do burn — adding fuel to a fire

25. (Type I or II Construction)
STEEL FRAME
(Type I or II Construction)

26. (Type I or II Construction)
SPACE FRAME
(Type I or II Construction)

27. 5. Modified Fire Resistive (ISO Class 5, IBC Type IB)
Classification: Modified Fire Resistive construction is ISO Class 5. ISO Class 5 encompasses IBC Type IB.
Building elements: Modified Fire Resistive Buildings are buildings where the exterior bearing walls and load-bearing portions of exterior walls must be of noncombustible materials or of masonry, but exterior nonbearing walls and wall panels may be slow-burning, combustible, or with no fire- resistance rating.
Buildings with exterior walls, floors, and roofs of masonry materials described in the definition of fire resistive (Construction Class 6) — less thick than required for fire-resistive structures but not less than four inches thick, or
Fire-resistive materials with a fire-resistance rating less than two hours but not less than one hour

28. 5. Modified Fire Resistive (ISO Class 5, IBC Type IB) Continued
Advantages:
uses noncombustible materials
allows greater height and area than other construction classes
uses load-bearing members or assemblies that resist damage from fire
Disadvantages:
expensive to construct and repair
provides a false sense of security

29. 6. Fire Resistive (ISO Class 6, IBC Type IA)
Building elements: The exterior bearing walls and load-bearing portions of exterior walls must be of noncombustible materials or of masonry, but exterior nonbearing walls and wall panels may be slow burning, combustible, or with no fire-resistance rating.
Walls:
solid masonry, including reinforced concrete not less than four inches thick
hollow masonry not less than 12 inches (30.5 cm) thick
hollow masonry less than 12 inches (30.5 cm) thick, but not less than eight inches thick with a listed fire-resistance rating of not less than two hours
assemblies with not less than a two-hour fire-resistance rating
Floors and roofs:
reinforced concrete not less than four inches thick
Structural metal supports:
Horizontal and vertical load-bearing protected metal supports — including pre stressed and post tensioned concrete units — with not less than a two-hour fire-resistance rating

30. 6. Fire Resistive (ISO Class 6, IBC Type IA) Continued..
Advantages:
uses noncombustible materials
allows greater height and area than other construction classes
uses load-bearing members or assemblies that resist damage from fire
Disadvantages:
expensive to construct and repair
provides a false sense of security

31. (Type II Construction)
STEEL JOISTS
(Type II Construction)

32. LIGHTWEIGHT STEEL FRAME (Type II Construction)

33. FLAT PLATE CONCRETE (Type I Construction)

34. POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE FRAME
(Type I Construction)

35. PRECAST CONCRETE FRAME
(Type I Construction)

36. https://services. online. missouri
Type I—Fire-Resistive Buildings online.missouri.edu

37. https://pixabay.com/en/building-construction-architecture-856444/

38. https://pixabay.com/en/construction-architecture-industrial-523388/

39. https://pixabay.com/en/warehouse-industrial-boats-storage-691922/

40. https://pixabay.com/en/forklift-warehouse-machine-worker-835340/

43. NFPA 220: Standard on Types of Building Construction
NFPA 220: Standard on Types of Building Construction
Example:
NFPA 220 Type I (443) - The three Arabic numerals in parentheses following the Roman numeral indicate the fire resistance of the exterior bearing walls, structural frame, and floor, respectively.

45. Correlating Building Codes

46. http://www.iccsafe.org/ 2015 International Building Code

47. http://my. firefighternation

49. http://www. fireengineering