1. The Quest for Gold, Glory, and God
European Exploration
The Quest for Gold, Glory, and God

2. Factors that lead to Exploration
Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe.
Support for the diffusion of Christianity
Political and economic competition between European empires
Innovations in navigational arts (European and Islamic origins)
Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator

3. NAVIGATIONAL ARTS
CARAVEL-A multi-sail ship that can sail in different directions regardless of which way the wind blows. Larger, sturdier than previous ships.
ASTROLABE-(invented by the Muslims). Shows latitude by position of the stars.
COMPASS-(Chinese) Shows direction by always pointing due North.
Better maps-maps began to include the western continents!

4. Establishment of overseas empires
Portugal-
Vasco da Gama
Explored coast of Africa, Cape of Good Hope, sailed to India
Spain-
Columbus-
“Discovered” New World
Cortez-
Conquered Aztecs

5. Establishment of overseas empires
Spain-
Pizarro-Conquered Incas
Magellan-First expedition to sail around the world
England-
Sir Francis Drake-First explorer to circumnavigate earth
France-
Jacques Cartier-Claimed Canada for France

6. The Spread of Christianity
Migration of colonists to new lands
Colonists wanted to spread Christianity
Catholics and Protestants carried their faith, language, and cultures to new lands
Conversion of indigenous (native) peoples

7. The Americas
Europeans explored and claimed territories in the Americas
Europeans emigrated to their country’s colonial claims in North and South America
Demise of the Aztec and Inca Empires (conquered by Spain)
Led to a legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America

8. The Americas Forced migration of Africans into slavery
Establishment of plantation system
Colonies imitated culture and social patterns of their parent country

9. Africa
Europeans, especially Portuguese established trading posts along the coasts
Traded in slaves, gold, and other products
Trading posts became center of slave trade

10. Slavery and the Middle Passage

11. Slavery and the Middle Passage
The slave trade devastated African life.
Culture and traditions were torn asunder, as families, especially young men, were abducted.
Guns were introduced and slave raids and even wars increased.

12. Slavery and the Middle Passage

13. Slavery and the Middle Passage

14. Africa’s Indian Ocean Coast
Arabs had already established trading posts
Swahili was the common language of trade
Intrusion of the Portuguese--established trading posts
Impact on Spain and international trade
Spain wanted the gold, spices, wealth of the Portuguese.
Sent out expeditions to compete with Portuguese

15. Asia
India, the East Indies, and China were colonized first by small groups of merchants
More merchants and army followed
Portuguese, Dutch and British established trading companies
Dutch East India, British East India Companies
Indian textiles influenced the British textile industry-cotton, design

16. China
Chinese created enclaves (certain areas) to restrict foreign influence and control trade
Portuguese, Dutch, British competed for trade in China
Official imperial policy established to control foreign influences and trade

17. Japan
Japanese society characterized by powerless emperors ruled by military leaders (shoguns)
Adopted policy of isolation to limit foreign influences
Foreigners (Dutch) could only trade in Nagasaki