1. Mini-review SRP 439

2. Scribal Culture We are constrained in what we know, because:We are constrained in what we know, because: –record is incomplete –record is lost –partly oral and therefore lost/forgotten –what we do have is from print sources, a product of a different mindset

3. Multiple copies implication of multiple copies is profoundimplication of multiple copies is profound –more books in 100 years after 1453 than in entire period from 330-1453 (1123 years) »...and these were different, perhaps better books, b/c of lack of error –more books means more people can read them...

4. –...which means more people have a reason to be literate (and opportunity to be, too) –...which means that more people will be readong... –...which means more people can know more, and different information, –...which means that more knowledge can be made and generated, and more quickly...

5. –...which means more people hold more, and different opinions –----which means that more people are willing to write books, and write more books, because it doesn’t take years for it to be made or copied... Result--world’s first INFORMATION EXPLOSION!Result--world’s first INFORMATION EXPLOSION!

6. However... Eisenstein says to not overestimate the growth of literate groups during the initial shift (31-32)Eisenstein says to not overestimate the growth of literate groups during the initial shift (31-32)

7. Results-- Shift from simple copying and obsession for fidelity to convenience of reader (available time) (e 22)Shift from simple copying and obsession for fidelity to convenience of reader (available time) (e 22) More faithfully repeatable pictures, illustrations (22), tables of figures(23)More faithfully repeatable pictures, illustrations (22), tables of figures(23) new business--new trades, new connections between tradesnew business--new trades, new connections between trades

8. results 2 Rapid transmission of learning-- learners can learn on their own w/ books, rather than following a teacher (35)Rapid transmission of learning-- learners can learn on their own w/ books, rather than following a teacher (35) easily repeatable figures, illustrations give rise to illustrations, melding of image with wordeasily repeatable figures, illustrations give rise to illustrations, melding of image with word

9. Reactions to shift-- Supernatural intervention (E 20)Supernatural intervention (E 20) “ceci tuera cela” (35)“ceci tuera cela” (35) –“This (the book Frollo* holds in his hand) will kill that (the cathedral to which he is pointing).” *Frollo is a character—”the bad guy” to many—in Victor Hugo’s novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame.