1. History of Psychology

2. Ancient Egypt Egypt showed evidence of brain surgery as early as 3,000 B.C. in papyrus writings found in Egypt. “Brain,” the actual word itself, is used here for the first time in any language The treatment was used for mental illnesses, epilepsy, headaches, organic diseases, neuropathy treatment, osteomyelitis, and for head injuries. Brain surgery was also used for both spiritual and magical reasons

3. Ancient Egypt The Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BC) mentions both depression and dementia. Pharaoh Psamtik I tries an experiment. (c. 620 BC)

4. Ancient Greece “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad.”

5. Plato

7. Introspection

8. Aristotle

9. Associationism

10. Aristotle Associationism We seek pleasure, and avoid pain.

11. Hippocrates

12. “There are in fact two things, science and opinion; the former begets knowledge, the latter ignorance.”

13. Maybe it’s demons !

14. Wilhelm Wundt

15. Structuralism

16. Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism The elements of consciousness are sensations (objective) and feelings (subjective)

17. Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism The elements of consciousness are sensations (objective) and feelings (subjective) Set up the first laboratory

18. William James

19. Functionalism

20. William James Functionalism Mental processes help us adapt

21. William James Functionalism Mental processes help us adapt Adaptive patterns become habits

22. Sigmund Freud

24. Freud’s Theories

25. Much deeper introspection

26. Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives

27. Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict

28. Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX

29. Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX Tools we can use:

30. Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX Tools we can use: Psychoanalysis

31. Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX Tools we can use: Psychoanalysis Hypnosis

32. Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX Tools we can use: Psychoanalysis Hypnosis Free Association

33. Freud’s Theories Much deeper introspection Unconscious motives Internal conflict It’s mostly about SEX Tools we can use: Psychoanalysis Hypnosis Free Association Interpretation of Dreams

34. Big Argument Time

35. Can Cognitive Processes be understood?

36. John B Watson

37. Behaviorism

38. John B Watson Behaviorism Natural Science

39. John B Watson Behaviorism Natural Science We are conditioned by external events.

40. John B Watson Behaviorism Natural Science We are conditioned by external events. “Choice” is an illusion.

41. John B Watson

42. B. F. Skinner

43. Stimulus – Response

44. B. F. Skinner Stimulus – Response Positive & Negative Reinforcement

45. Gestalt Think “whole” – it’s German for “shape”

46. Gestalt Think “whole” – it’s German for “shape” The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

47. Gestalt Think “whole” – it’s German for “shape” The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Problem solving through – Similarity – Closure – Insight

48. Gestalt Think “whole” – it’s German for “shape” The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Problem solving through – Similarity – Closure – Insight Learning has purpose!

49. Modern Perspectives Biological – Brain and Nerves allow thought – Use of CAT and PET – Role of Hormones and Genes

50. Modern Perspectives Biological – Brain and Nerves allow thought – Use of CAT and PET – Role of Hormones and Genes Evolutionary – Adaptive Behaviors

51. Modern Perspectives Biological – Brain and Nerves allow thought – Use of CAT and PET – Role of Hormones and Genes Evolutionary – Adaptive Behaviors Cognitive – Thoughts lead to behavior – Information processing and memory – Perceptions, values & choices lead to behaviors

52. Modern Perspectives Humanistic – The value of personal experiences – Self-Awareness matters – Focus on feelings to control impulses and fulfill potential

53. Modern Perspectives Humanistic – The value of personal experiences – Self-Awareness matters – Focus on feelings to control impulses and fulfill potential Psychoanalytic – The role of repression

54. Modern Perspectives Learning – Experiences shape behavior – Can be direct or observed – Learning can be intentional in observation – We can change our environment

55. Modern Perspectives Learning – Experiences shape behavior – Can be direct or observed – Learning can be intentional in observation – We can change our environment Sociocultural – Effects of ethnicity, gender, culture, economics

56. Modern Perspectives Learning – Experiences shape behavior – Can be direct or observed – Learning can be intentional in observation – We can change our environment Sociocultural – Effects of ethnicity, gender, culture, economics Biopsychosocial – Holistic theory of George Engel