1. BEHAVIORAL THEORISTS IVAN PAVLOV B.F. SKINNER A MAJOR PREMISE AND ORIENTATION BEHIND BEHAVIORISM IS THAT PSYCHOLOGY SHOULD STUDY ONLY OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOR

2. IVAN PAVLOV RUSSIAN PHYSIOLOGIST HE STUDIED THE IMPORTANCE OF SALIVA IN THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS OF DOGS

3. PSYCHIC REFLEXES DOGS RESTRAINED IN HARNESS COLLECTED SALIVA HE PAIRED MEAT POWDER WITH DIFFERENT STIMULI

4. IMPLICATIONS OF PAVLOV’S WORK CLASSICAL CONDITIONING PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN SHAPING EMOTIONAL RESPONSES LIKE FEAR, ANXIETY, AND PHOBIAS USED IN ADVERTISING

5. B.F. SKINNER A STRICT BEHAVIORIST HE DID NOT BELIEVE IN INTERNAL MENTAL STATES THE SKINNER BOX & OPERANT CONDITIONING

6. SKINNER’S THEORY BEHAVIOR IS INFLUENCED BY REWARDS AND PUNSHMENTS HE TRAINED RATS TO RESPOND TO LIGHTS AND SOUNDS REINFORCEMENT

7. APPLICATION OF SKINNER’S WORK USED IN PRISONS AND MENTAL HOSPITALS REINFORCERS ARE USED TO PRODUCE POSITIVE BEHAVIORS TOKEN ECONOMIES SHAPE BEHAVIOR

8. THE HUMANISTIC APPROACH MASLOW & ROGERS

9. ABRAHAM MASLOW HUMANISTS BELIEVED THAT PSYCHOANALYSIS AND BEHAVIOR- ISM ARE “DEHUMANIZING” EMPHASIS ON UNIQUENESS POSITIVE, OPTIMISTIC

10. HUMANS HAVE MANY NEEDS PEOPLE HAVE MANY NEEDS THAT COMPETE BIOLOGICAL MOTIVES SOCIAL MOTIVES HUMAN NEEDS ARE ORGANIZED IN A HIERARCHY

11. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY THE NEEDS AT THE BOTTOM ARE THE MOST BASIC (HUNGER) THE NEXT LEVEL=SAFETY NEEDS NEXT= BELONGING AND LOVE

12. PYRAMID CONTINUED ESTEEM NEEDS COGNITIVE NEEDS AESTHETIC NEEDS SELF-ACTUALIZED

13. APPLICATIONS OF MASLOW’S WORK IN THE FIELD OF BUSINESS IN THE ARTS AND HUMANITIES CRITICISMS

14. CARL ROGERS CLIENT-CENTERED THERAPY CCT PROVIDES A SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT IN CCT, THE CLIENT DETERMINES THE PACE & DIRECTION OF THERAPY

15. WHAT CAUSES ANXIETY? ANXIETY IS CAUSED BY INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN A PERSON’S SELF- CONCEPT AND REALITY. HOW YOU PERCEIVE YOURSELF

16. DO WE NEED CONSTANT APPROVAL FROM OTHERS? ROGERS BELIEVED THIS WAS THE ROOT CAUSE OF CLIENTS' PROBLEMS THE CLIENT NEEDS TO DEVELOP INSIGHT YOU CAN’T ALWAYS PLEASE OTHERS

17. THE THERAPEUTIC CLIMATE THE PROCESS OF THERAPY IS LESS RELEVANT THAN THE CLIMATE OF THE THERAPY THERAPY’S ROLE

18. QUALITIES OF A GOOD THERAPIST GENUINENESS UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD EMPATHY

19. THE THERAPEUTIC PROCESS THE THERAPIST PROVIDES VERY LITTLE GUIDANCE THE THERAPIST KEEPS ADVICE TO A MINIMUM THERAPIST PROVIDES FEEDBACK

20. THE COGNITIVE APPROACH HUMAN BEHAVIOR CANNOT BE FULLY UNDERSTOOD WITHOUT EXAMINING HOW PEOPLE ACQUIRE, STORE, AND PROCESS INFORMATION ELLIS & PIAGET WERE INFLUENTIAL COGNITIVE THINKERS

21. JEAN PIAGET CHILD PSYCHOLOGIST HE FOUND ANSWERS TO HUMAN BEHAVIOR BY STUDYING CHILDREN INFLUENTIAL IN SCHOOL REFORM

22. HIS VIEW OF CHILDREN CHILDREN ARE NOT “BLANK SLATES” OR “EMPTY VESSELS” CHILDREN INVENT THEIR OWN LOGIC OBSERVATION OF CHILDREN’S MINDS

23. LESSONS PIAGET LEARNED FROM CHILDREN CHILDREN TAKING IQ TESTS MADE SIMILAR ERRORS KNOWLEDGE IS DISCOVERED BY OBSERVING A CHILD’S MIND KNOWLEDGE BUILDS AS KIDS GROW

24. AN EXPERIMENT THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION (AGES 5–7) CHILDREN UNDER AGE 5 ARE EGOCENTRIC BY AGE 7 OBJECT PERMANENCE IS RECOGNIZED

25. STAGE 1: SENSORIMOTOR SIMPLE MOTOR RESPONSES TO SENSORY STIMULI; NO CONCEPTION OF OBJECT PERMANENCE USE OF SCHEMAS

26. STAGE 2: PREOPERATIONAL AGES 1 ½–7 EXHIBITS EGOCENTRIC THINKING LACKS CONCEPT OF CONSERVA- TION USES SYMBOLS, WORDS, MENTAL IMAGES

27. STAGE 3: CONCRETE OPERATIONS AGES 7–11 BEGINS TO UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF CONSERVATION STILL HAS SOME TROUBLE WITH ABSTRACT IDEAS CLASSIFICATION

28. STAGE 4: FORMAL OPERATIONS AGES 11 – ADULT UNDERSTANDS ABSTRACT IDEAS AND HYPOTHETICAL SITUATIONS CAPABLE OF LOGICAL THINKING NERVOUS SYSTEM