1. Last Class… Types of Psychological disorders

2. Types of Psychological Disorders  Diagnosed during childhood  Cognitive disorders  Substance-related disorders  Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders  Mood disorders  Anxiety Disorders

3. Types of Psychological Disorders  Somatoform disorders  Dissociative Disorders  Sexual and Gender-identity disorders  Eating disorders  Sleep disorders  Impulse control disorders

4. Anxiety Disorders  Main idea: Anxiety Disorders are marked by excessive fear, caution, and attempts to avoid anxiety.  According to the DSM-IV an anxiety disorder “includes disorders characterized by signs of anxiety, such as panic disorders and phobias.”

5. What is Anxiety?  Defined as: a vague, generalized apprehension or feeling that one is in danger  What is normal or not?  Affects 19 million Americans annually

6. Generalized Anxiety Disorder  A feeling that one is in danger  Potentially blossom into full-fledged panic attacks, which may include choking sensations, chest pains, dizziness, trembling and hot flashes.  Reaction to vague or imagined dangers  Continuous experience  They may become so pre-occupied with their own internal problems that they neglect social relationships

7. The Physical Symptoms  Muscular tension  Inability to relax  Furrowed brow and strained face  Poor appetite, indigestion, frequent urination  Difficulty sleeping, tired

8. Why do people have anxiety?  Inherited  Environmental factors  Usually occurs after a major life change

9. Phobic Disorder  Phobia: an intense and irrational fear of a particular object or situation  Anxiety focused on a particular object

10. Examples of Phobias  Acrophobia: fear of itching or the insects that cause itching  Acrophobia: fear of heights  Agoraphobia: fear of open spaces  Autophobia: fear of being alone  Atelophobia: fear of imperfection  Catagelophobia: fear of being ridiculed  Felinophobia: fear of cats  Heliophobia: fear of the sun  Hemophobia: fear of blood  Logizomechanophobia: fear of computers  Verminopobia: fear of germs

11. Panic disorder  An extreme anxiety that manifests itself in the form of panic attacks  Panic is a feeling of sudden, helpless terror, such as overwhelming fright one might experience when cornered by a predator  Some symptoms differ between individuals

12. Symptoms  Sense of smothering, choking, or difficulty breathing  Faintness or dizziness  Nausea  Chest pains  Can last for an hour or more, but usually just a few minutes

14. Last Class… Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Phobic Disorders Panic Disorder

15. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder  A person suffering from acute anxiety may think the same thoughts over and over  Obsession: uncontrollable pattern of thoughts  Compulsions: repeatedly perform coping behaviours  Both together = Obsessive- Compulsive disorder

16. OCD- Video  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSZNnz9SM4g

17. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder  A person has experienced a traumatic event feels severe and long-lasting aftereffects  Common among veterans of military combat, survivors of acts of terrorism, natural disasters such as floods or tornadoes, other catastrophes such as plane crashes, and human aggression such as rape or assault  The event overwhelms a person’s sense of reality and ability to cope  May begin immediately after the event or develop later

18. Symptoms  Flashbacks  Recurring nightmares  Long-lasting