1. Chemistry

2. What is Chemistry ~The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes these materials undergo. ~The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes these materials undergo. The study of the interactions of matter (atoms and molecules) and the energy involved The study of the interactions of matter (atoms and molecules) and the energy involved

3. Gathering Information Observation- a fact you use one of your five senses to determine Observation- a fact you use one of your five senses to determine (the thermometer reads 24 o C, this font is white) (the thermometer reads 24 o C, this font is white) Inference- something you reason out Inference- something you reason out (Heat entered the liquid causing the temperature to rise) (Heat entered the liquid causing the temperature to rise) Inferences are not as reliable as observations but sometimes required. Inferences are not as reliable as observations but sometimes required.

4. Problem Solving 1. Recognize some problem, and clearly state it. 1. Recognize some problem, and clearly state it. 2. Propose a possible solution to the problem, this is formulating a hypothesis. 2. Propose a possible solution to the problem, this is formulating a hypothesis. 3. Test your hypothesis by running some type of an experiment 3. Test your hypothesis by running some type of an experiment

5. Scientific Method ~A procedure for solving problems ~A procedure for solving problems Gather information Gather information Form a hypothesis Form a hypothesis Test your hypothesis Test your hypothesis Analyze your results Analyze your results Draw conclusion Draw conclusion Repeat your work and share it with others Repeat your work and share it with others

6. It is not an exact sequence Gather info Form hypothesis Test hypothesis Analyze results Draw conclusion Repeat your work And share it with others Problem

7. Using the Scientific Method Gather info Gather info -I can’t wake up for school, I should research sleep pattern, diet, exercise etc. -I can’t wake up for school, I should research sleep pattern, diet, exercise etc. Form a hypothesis (An educated guess on the solution of the problem) Form a hypothesis (An educated guess on the solution of the problem) -If I go to bed earlier, then I will be able to wake up. -If I go to bed earlier, then I will be able to wake up. Test your hypothesis This is the experiment step Test your hypothesis This is the experiment step -try to go to bed earlier -try to go to bed earlier

8. Continuing Analyze your results Analyze your results -check your results each day. -check your results each day. Draw conclusion Draw conclusion -If it worked you confirmed your hypothesis, if it didn’t you proved it wrong -If it worked you confirmed your hypothesis, if it didn’t you proved it wrong Repeat your work and share it with others Repeat your work and share it with others Flukes happen always double check, and then tell someone about your discovery Flukes happen always double check, and then tell someone about your discovery

9. Experiment There are many ways to experiment There are many ways to experiment Variable- what you are testing Variable- what you are testing only test one variable at a time only test one variable at a time A control group is necessary for an accurate comparison (the experiment without the variable) A control group is necessary for an accurate comparison (the experiment without the variable) Blinded control groups don’t know they are the control Blinded control groups don’t know they are the control Double blinded studies have patients who don’t know they are the control and experimenters who don’t know they are working with the control Double blinded studies have patients who don’t know they are the control and experimenters who don’t know they are working with the control

10. Theories and Laws After a hypothesis is tested several times it is accepted or rejected After a hypothesis is tested several times it is accepted or rejected Theory- attempts to explain why these hypotheses and observations are so. Theory- attempts to explain why these hypotheses and observations are so. Law- summary of what is said in several hypotheses and observations. Law- summary of what is said in several hypotheses and observations. Theories do NOT become laws! Theories do NOT become laws!

11. Models Model- any representation of an object or a system Model- any representation of an object or a system A theory is sometimes called a model as it explains helps to explain how something works. A theory is sometimes called a model as it explains helps to explain how something works. The theory or model of how a gas works would be countless tiny particles (atoms and molecules) moving about rapidly colliding with everything. The theory or model of how a gas works would be countless tiny particles (atoms and molecules) moving about rapidly colliding with everything. This is the best possible accepted account for why gas act the way they do. This is the best possible accepted account for why gas act the way they do.

12. Laws A Natural Law is a summary statement. A Natural Law is a summary statement. Like Charles’ Law, put simply, heating a gas makes it expand, cooling it makes it contract. Like Charles’ Law, put simply, heating a gas makes it expand, cooling it makes it contract. There is no why in a Law, just what happens. There is no why in a Law, just what happens. A law is NOT a more proven version of a theory, it is a different type of a statement. A law is NOT a more proven version of a theory, it is a different type of a statement.