1. PHYSICAL SCIENCE (chapter 1) What is science? A method of studying the natural world Latin word scientia 3 major categories: Each are interconnected

2. The Scientific Method An organized set of investigative procedures 6 common steps:

3. State the problem Remember, it’s not a survey What is the 2 nd graders favorite color? …this is not a good problem.

4. Research the problem You will become an expert in your field from your research.

5. Form your hypothesis It’s not just a guess, but an informed, educated guess. Never try to prove it correct, but rather incorrect!

6. Test the hypothesis Variables – dependent (y) and independent (x) Think of the dependent as your results. Often, the independent is labeled as “time”. Constants – things that don’t change in you experiment Control – something you compare your results to

7. Analyze data The best way is in a graph, chart, or table.

8. Line graphs, bar graph, and pie charts Line graphs show changes usually over time. Bar graphs are good for comparing data collected from counting. Pie charts represent a percentage.

9. Draw conclusions That’s it! Your done! Just remember… Avoid biases Make sure your project is repeatable

10. Models represent and idea, event, or object

11. Theories explain, but cannot be witnessed directly

12. Laws are regular occurrences in nature Laws of Motion and Law of Gravity

13. Are surveys science? No. They are informative, but do not follow the scientific methods.

14. Technology – the application of science How has technology affected you?

15. Standards of measurement “Standards” are exact quantities that never change SI or metric system (French creation) Based on powers of 10 Used just about everywhere…but here!

16. SI prefixes and converting one into another kilo- hecto- deka- [unit] deci- centi- milli-

17. Measuring distance Use meter sticks or rulers SI unit is the meter (m)

18. Measuring Volume cm 3 and mL each appropriate labels 1 L = 1 dm 3 Graduated cylinders and the meniscus Read the bottom of the meniscus curve

19. Measuring Matter and Density Mass is the amount of matter in an object The instrument for measuring is the balance. It is measured in grams (g). Density equals mass/volume (g/cm 3 ). The label is unique. It is called a “derived unit”.

20. Measuring Time and Temperature Si units for each are the second and Kelvin, though we usually use Celsius. Kelvin = C + 273 There are no “degrees” preceding Kelvin.