GSM TOWARDS LTE NETWORKS Presented by Syed Amir Abbas.

GSM TOWARDS LTE NETWORKS Presented by Syed Amir Abbas

GSM TOWARD LTE COURSE OUTLINE

TOPICS Module-1Introduction of Communication and Wireless Concepts  History of Communication  Telecommunication Basics  Frequency, Range of Wireless Frequency  Channel Concept  Multiple Access Concepts and its types Module-2Cellular Generation Wireless Concepts  1st Generation of Cellular Communication (AMPS, TACS)  2 nd Generation of TDMA, GSM  3 rd Generation WCDMA  4 th Generation LTE Module-3 GSM Architecture  MS  BSS  NSS  Interfaces, Protocols

TOPICS Module-4GSM Channel Concepts  GSM Channels  Physical and Logical Channels Module-5Cell Planning Concepts  Cell Planning Basic  Cell Planning Tools, TEMPS Module-6 NSS/BSS Hardware and Software  MSC  HLR  STP  BSC Module-7 DATA Calls  HSCSD  GPRS  Data Call Path,  SGSN and GGSN Hardware

TOPICS Module-8Call paths  Postpaid to Paid calls  Postpaid to Prepaid calls  Operator to Operator Calls  Mobile to PTCL calls Module-9Mobile Packet Backbone Network  OSI layer  IP Fundamentals  IP Routing, Protocols  MPLS Requirement in Telecom Module-10GSM Evolution Path  GSM Towards LTE  LTE Architecture  S-GWS, MME, eNode

CONVERGE NETWORKS

TELCOMMUNICATIOM EVOLUTION

WIRELESS ACCESS EVOLUTION  New Services  Efficiency  More Data Services required Broadband Subscribers Voice  Coverage  Mobility  Voice Quality  Portability  Capacity  Data Service  Broadband  Network Simplification  Cost of Ownership

9 900 MHz Voice 1G 900 MHz 1800 MHz Voice/Data 2G 900-1800-1900 MHz Smart Phone Video, Internet… 3G 2007 900-1800 MHz Voice, Camera Tiny Internet 2.5G Data Rate 3G+ GENERATIONS OF MOBILE Fixed NetWorks 1984-1996+1992-199819991999-2005+2005+

WHAT IS TELECOMMUNICATION ? Telecommunication means to change information into electronic signals for remote transmission and switching. Fast Deployment Saving Transmission cost. Easy and Fast Access.

FREQUENCY “ The frequency of a radio wave is the number of times that the wave oscillates per second."  FM Radio : 100 MHz Approx.  Television : 300 MHz Approx.  Mobile Networks : 300 – 2000 MHz Approx.

BANDWIDTH In electronic communication, bandwidth is the width of the range (or band) of frequencies that an electronic signal uses on a given transmission medium. In this usage, bandwidth is expressed in terms of the difference between the highest-frequency signal component and the lowest-frequency signal component. Bandwidth = Highest freq – Lowest Freq

CHANNELS A Channel is a frequency or set of frequency which can be allocated for the transmission and reception of information. Types Of Communication Channels.

WHAT IS MULTIPLE ACCESS Simultaneous private use of a transmission medium by multiple independent users is called Multiple Access. Advantages Of Multiple Access Increased capacity Reduced capital requirement Decreased per user expense

FDMA, TDMA & CDMA FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) Each user on a different frequency A channel is a frequency TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) Each user on a different window period in time slot. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) Each user uses the same frequency all the time but mixed with different distinguished code patterns.

TRANSMISSION RATE Average rate of Transmission is called speed of transmission. Rate of data at which data flows through a network.

PATH LOSS Path loss (or path attenuation) is the reduction in power density (attenuation) of an electromagnetic wave. It is used link budget. example, as the mobile station moves away from the base transceiver station.

SHADOWING It is due to obstacles in Wireless communication. A shadow is an area where direct waves from a source cannot reach due to obstruction by an object.

Maximize Efficient used of spectrum (FDMA/TDMA/CDMA/OFDMA) Power Efficiency-------Battery Minimize Complexity Mobile handset should be sample and easy to use Cost Most important part, the success story of China SECRETES OF UPGRADES

FREQUENCY SPECTRUM

GSM FREQUENCY CONCEPTS

FREQUENCY BEND

PRIMARY GSM

DCS -1800

PCS-1900

GSM FREQUENCY BEND

CELLULAR GENERATIONS First Generation Wireless : Analog Second Generation Wireless (2G): Digital Second Generation Wireless + (2G+): More Data Third Generation Wireless (3G):  Universal Global Wireless Voice and Data System Worldwide Effort Toward 3G  International Standard Underway: IMT-2000

29 1 st GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEM Widespread introduction in early 1980s. Analogue modulation. Frequency division multiple access. Voice traffic only. No inter-network roaming possible. Insecure air interface. Examples :  AMPS (Advance mobile Phone System, American based,800MHz)  TACS (Total Access Communications System, UK based,900MHz)  C-450 (German standard, 450MHz)  JTACS (Japanese Total Access Communications System,900MHz).

30 2 nd GENERATION OF CELLULAR NETWORKS Widespread introduction in 1990s. Use digital modulation. Variety of multiple access strategies. More efficient use of radio spectrum. International roaming capability. Secure air interface. Compatibility with ISDN.

31 GSM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW A GSM system is made up of three subsystems:  The mobile station (MS)  The Base station subsystem (BSS)  The Network and switching subsystem (NSS) The interfaces defined between each of these sub systems include:  “A” interface between NSS and BSS  “Abis” interface between BSC and BTS (Within the BSS)  “Um” air interface between the BSS and the MS

GSM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW Main components of GSM  The mobile station (MS)  BSS Base Station Subsystem (BTS+BSC)  MSS Mobile Station Subsystem (MSC/HLR,..) BSC BTS MSC

33 Abis Interface Interface

GSM NETWORK / DEPARTMENT OVERVIEW / 2G NETWORK RAN department RF department NSS department Transmission department

NMC and OMC BSS Signaling transmission Call connections and signaling transmission AUC VL R HL R EIR SS Switching Systems Base Station Systems MS Other Networks GSMOverview 00/35 GMSC MSC BTS BSC GSM system

36 GSM Call Setup

37 MSMobile Station = phone + SIM card BTSBase Transceiver Station BSCBase Station Controller HLRHome Location Register MSCMobile services Switching Centre VLRVisitor Location Register AUCAuthentication Centre Stand-alone or integrated in HLR EIREquipment Identity Register For blacklisting stolen and unwanted equipment SMSCShort Message Service ”Support” Centre VMSVoice Messaging System PrePaid Node Hosting prepaid service system IN Intelligent Network services PSTNPublic Switched Telephone Network PABXPrivate Automatic Branch Exchange MSC/VLR Warid Telenore BSC SMSC EIR INTERNET Mobilink PSTN BSC PrePaid Node VMS HLR MSC w AUC

38 MSC SMSC EIR INTERNET PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network BSC IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail HLR MSCBSC

39 MSC SMSC EIR INTERNET BSC IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail HLR MSCBSC PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network

42 BSC Base Station Controller The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and is forwarded to MSC. The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and is forwarded to MSC. After call is established, the BSC will perform decoding of the call (in typical config.) After call is established, the BSC will perform decoding of the call (in typical config.)

43 BSC HLR MSC SMSC EIR INTERNET IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail MSCBSC PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network

46 Checks A number. Checks A number. To whom is A subscriber calling? (Checks B number) To whom is A subscriber calling? (Checks B number) Example : A subscriberhas prepaid number. Example : A subscriber has prepaid number. MSC Mobile Switching Centre

50 Does the A subscriber have money left on his/her account? Does the A subscriber have money left on his/her account? When the call is established and on-going the subscriber’s account is decremented accordingly. When the call is established and on-going the subscriber’s account is decremented accordingly. PrePaid Node

54 Where is the B subscriber? Where is the B subscriber? MSC interrogates in HLR. (HLR = Home Location Register) MSC interrogates in HLR. (HLR = Home Location Register) MSC Mobile Switching Centre Mobile Switching Centre

55 BSC HLR MSC IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail MSCBSC PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network SMSC EIR INTERNET

56 BSC HLR MSC MSCBSC PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail SMSC EIR INTERNET

58 HLR says ’I am the home of the B subscriber and I know where he/she is right now’ (i.e. which VLR) HLR says ’I am the home of the B subscriber and I know where he/she is right now’ (i.e. which VLR) Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number) Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number) HLR Home Location Register

63 BSC HLR MSC MSC PABX PSTN International PSTN Fixed Network IN PrePaid VMS Voicemail SMSC EIR INTERNET

64 Hosting MSC/VLR returns TEMPORARILY assigned visitor/roaming address for B- subscriber to HLR. Hosting MSC/VLR returns TEMPORARILY assigned visitor/roaming address for B- subscriber to HLR. MSC Mobile Switching Centre

70 ’Thanks for the visitor address!’ ’Thanks for the visitor address!’ ’I will send this address to the MSC that requested for it.’ ’I will send this address to the MSC that requested for it.’ HLR Home Location Register

74 ’Thank you, HLR!’ ’Thank you, HLR!’ Speech connection path will set up now towards the MSC/VLR where the B subscriber is presently located. Speech connection path will set up now towards the MSC/VLR where the B subscriber is presently located. MSC Mobile Switching Centre

78 Sets up a speech connection towards BSC. Sets up a speech connection towards BSC. Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asks to page for the subscriber using that ID. Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asks to page for the subscriber using that ID. MSC Mobile Switching Centre

82 BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the BTSs that it covers/controls. BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the BTSs that it covers/controls. Carrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS back to MSC. Carrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS back to MSC. Allocates a RADIO channel through a BTS with best available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTH for called MS. Allocates a RADIO channel through a BTS with best available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTH for called MS. Performs SPEECH CODING when call is established. Performs SPEECH CODING when call is established. BSC Base Station Controller

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GSM TOWARDS LTE NETWORKS Presented by Syed Amir Abbas.

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