1. Chapter 10 Early Computer Music (1953-85) Contents Foundations of Computer Music The Role of Computers in Music Computer Composition and Scoring Computer Synthesis Computer Control over External Synthesizers Computer Sampling of Audio Input A Concise History of Computer Music

2. 2 Chapter 10 The new field of information science inspired composers to explore the use of computers to compose and synthesize music, beginning in the 1950s. The development of computer technology historically paralleled the development of the modern electronic music studio and synthesizer, leading to a cross-fertilization of the two fields that greatly benefited electronic music. Chapter 10 Early Computer Music (1953-85)

3. 3 Chapter 10 The development of computer music requires a musical programming language and a method for the direct synthesis of digital signals into audible sound. The first music programming language was developed by Max Mathews at Bell Labs in 1957. Chapter 10 Early Computer Music (1953-85)

4. 4 Chapter 10 Lejaren Hiller and Iannis Xenakis explored the use of computers for musical composition during the late 1950s and 1960s. The direct synthesis of music by computers became feasible during the 1970s and resulted in the creation of large-scale digital synthesizers at Bell Labs, Stanford University, the Institute of Sonology in The Netherlands, IRCAM, and other computer centers. Chapter 10 Early Computer Music (1953-85)

5. 5 Chapter 10 John Chowning’s work in FM synthesis led to an economical way to harness computing power to create a wide palette of easily shaped sounds that could be accomplished with a minimum of processing power. Chapter 10 Early Computer Music (1953-85)

6. 6 Chapter 10 The four roles of computers in music include 1.Composition and scoring 2.Computer synthesis 3.Computer control over audio processing functions and performance 4.Computer sampling of audio input. Chapter 10 Early Computer Music (1953-85)

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