2. Patched is a 12 pass transmembrane receptor:

3. Patched is the receptor for the key signaling protein Hedgehog

4. In mammals Hedgehog signaling occurs through the cilium

5. PTCH is key at many places in normal development Johnson, Milenkovic, et. Al. (Molecular Cell) In Flies: Anterior posterior patterning in embryos Wing Pattern In Humans: Somites Neural tube Brain Development Holoprosencephaly Heart Development Many other areas of the body (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoprosencephaly)

6. SHH Pathway is key in Nervous system patterning in Vertebrates

7. Basal Cell Carcinoma is the most common cancer in humans (http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/PTCH1) Autosomal Dominant LOH at 9q22.3 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti cle/pii/S1521661610000471)

8. (https://ufandshands.org/basal-cell-carcinoma) Basal Cell Carcinoma affects the basal stem cells in the skin

9. Cyclopamine is a natural smoothened inhibitor

10. Vismodegib is another HH/PTCH1/SMO pathway inhibitor Typical treatment for BCCs is surgery Inhibitor called Vismodegib shows promising results in clinical trials

11. Works Cited "Alkaloid." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Jan. 2013. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.. "Basal Cell Carcinoma." UF&Shands, The University of Florida Academic Health Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. https://ufandshands.org/basal-cell-carcinoma.https://ufandshands.org/basal-cell-carcinoma Gailani, Mae R. “Developmental Genes and Cancer: Role of Patched in Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin”. Journal of National Cancer Institute. Vol. 89, No. 15, August 6, 1997 Gustafsson, Marcus K. “Myf is a direct target of long-range Shh signaling and Gli regulation for muscle specification”. Genes and Development. Vol 16. November 1, 2001. "Holoprosencephaly." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Mar. 2013. Web. 30 Mar. 2013.. Johnson RL., “In vivo functions of the patched protein”. Molecular Cell. Vol. 6, Issue 2, August 1, 2000 Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2013 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v406/n6799/fig_tab/406944a0_ft.html. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v406/n6799/fig_tab/406944a0_ft.html "PTCH1." - Patched 1. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/PTCH1.http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/PTCH1 Ribes, Vanessa; James Briscoe. “Establishing and Interpreting Graded Sonic Hedgehog Signaling during Vertebrate Neural Tube Patterning”. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (2009). July 15, 2009. Robbins, David J., “The Hedgehog Signal Transduction Network”. Cell Biology. Vol. 5, Issue 246, October 16, 2011 Tang, Jean Y., et al. “Inhibiting the Hedgehog Pathway in Patients with the Basal-Cell Nevus Syndrome”. The New England Journal of Medicine. Vol 366. June 7, 2012. "What Are Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers?" What Are Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers? N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013..