1. The Roman Republic RISE OF AN EMPIRE

2. The Republic  Geography:  Peninsula –on the Mediterranean Sea  Rome is located halfway between Alps and Sicily  Tiber River –the legend of Romulus and RemusRomulus and Remus  Fewer mountains & less rugged than Greece  Fertile land

4. The Republic First Settlers 1.Etruscans - Native to northern Italy 2.Greeks - Colonized southern Italy and Sicily 3.Latins - Built the original settlement at Rome

5. The Republic  republic: officials chosen by the people (citizens)  Patricians: wealthy landowners who held most power  Plebeians: most people  farmers, merchants, traders, artisans  had little influence

6. The Twelve Tables  A written law code that was carved on 12 tablets.  The Twelve Tables established the idea that all free citizens had a right to protection of the law.

7.  senate: 300 patricians (landholding upper class)  consuls: two patrician executives elected by senate, must consult them  dictator: elected during a crisis to rule for six months The Republic

9. Plebeians Rising  Assembly: representative group of plebians  tribunes: elected to protect plebeian interests, had veto power  Laws of the Twelve Tables  written laws  plebeians appeal decisions by patrician judges

10. Legacy  Plebeians gain access to high offices and senate  Did not have to use war or revolution to gain power  U.S. adopts senate, veto, checks on power

11. Roman Legacy Aqueducts Sanitation Roads Irrigation Education Medicine Public Order

12. Roman Legions  all male citizens who owned land required to serve in army  legion: group of 6000 men  well-trained, disciplined  treated conquered people pretty well

13. The Punic Wars

14. 1 st Punic War 1 st Punic War  Carthage – competing with Rome for trade, control  Carthage has strong navy, Rome builds one to fight it  Rome wins, gains Sicily

16. 2 nd Punic War  Hannibal  General from Carthage  attacked Rome by land (with elephants!) elephants!  defeated by Scipio

20. 3 rd Punic War  Romans still not satisfied after 50 years of peace  “Carthago delenda est”  Carthage must be destroyed!  Romans attack AND burn Carthage  enslave people  Rome now controls the Mediterranean

21. Problems in the Republic  Provinces complain of corrupt officials  Wealthy Romans take land from small farmers  Slaves are used on big farms (latifundia). This pushes small farmers and workers into cities

22. Problems in the Republic  The Gap between rich and poor widens  The poor revolt  Slaves revolt too  Spartacus led 70,000 slaves

23. Reform Attempts 2 Brothers try to help  Tiberius Gracchus  Wanted to redistribute (give back) land to the poor  BUT, he was killed by senate  Gaius Gracchus  Same reforms, same fate

24. The Army Changes  This is the beginning of a professional fighting force  Soldiers become more loyal to generals than republic!!!!  paid, equipped soldiers (mercenaries)  gave land to veterans

25. Think about it… The soldiers are now more loyal to the generals than the government… What do you think could happen next?

26. Closer look at the 12 Tables  Read the 12 tables  Reword each in words that your little brothers or sisters could understand  Then, tell me some similarities you see with Hammurabi’s Code (I have class sets if you need it) and the laws here in America