1. European Colonization The Early Years

2. What made it possible for European nations to “discover” the New World?

3. Scientific Advancements Renaissance Merchants

4. What motivated the Spanish, French, and English to colonize the New World?

6. Spanish Colonization Conquistadores explored for God, Gold, and Glory- gold and silver were sent back to Spain Sponsored by the Spanish Crown Aimed to convert natives to Catholicism Most colonists were single males- many married Indian women Encomienda system: Spanish forced natives into hard labor; monarchy rewarded the conquistadors with control over Indian villages, who were then forced to work in exchange for protection “Frontiers of Inclusion”

8. French Colonization French did not intend to settle permanently; they sought wealth & Catholic converts Viewed natives as necessary economic partners in the Fur Trade Needed natives to act as hunters and trappers as the fur trade became France’s most profitable export Catholic missionaries lived among the natives & learned to speak their language in some cases “Frontiers of Inclusion”

10. English Colonization Exploration was initially sponsored by the crown, but then private groups of investors established their own settlements in pursuit of their own goals Permanent settlements depended upon LAND & learning to plant crops that would flourish Settlement was fueled by economic profit, outposts for trade, & competition with the Spanish English treated natives with brutality; “Frontiers of Exclusion”