1. Lesson 2a - Spanish Republic 1931~36
Essential Question
What were the causes of the Spanish Civil War?
Learning Outcomes: Students will
Preview – Who would you support?
Learn about the Reform Years of the Spanish Republic
Success Criteria
I can fill out part of a table outlining the causes of the Spanish civil war

2. Preview You are the leader of a new country
Which groups would you need to support you
Right – Oppose change
Army – strong military generals
Church – oppose change, 80% of population
Landowners – control the wealth
Left – redistribute power to the lower classes
Workers – large number
Farmers with little to no land – many more than landowners
Preview

3. Vocab Azana Reforms Agrarian Law Sanjurjo (Army) Rising CNT Anarchists
Casa Viejas Incident

4. Causes of the Spanish Civil War
Date
Leader
Who supports
Policies
Problems caused

5. Problems facing the New Republic
How would you solve these problems?
Would you support the left (workers, farmers) or the right (military, church, landowners)?
Problems facing the New Republic
Farmers felt exploited
No fixed wage for labourers and not paid enough to live
Few landowners owned a large part of land
Fear change
Workers rights - Increase wages, right to strike
Conservative Church – viewed by people as an ally of the rich and the gov’t wanted to break its hold
Conservative and powerful military
Independence movements – Catalonia and Basque region

6. Years of Reform 1931~33
1931 – Socialists are the largest party with 115 seats while the right-wing wins 50 seats
Azana Reforms
Army – 1 officer per 10 soldiers, which resulted in high salaries
Cut military service to 1 year, paid-off officers to retire
Reaction – antagonized junior officer class
Farm – created an 8-hour workday, wage disputes settle by labourer and landowner committee
Reaction – powers shifted to labourers
Agrarian Law (‘32) – shift unworked land to peasants was not implemented, but scared landowners

7. From these reforms, who has the gov’t decided to support?
Years of Reform 1931~33
Azana Reforms
Church – closed all religious schools and phased out subsidies to the clergy
Rioters attacked churches while the police did not stop them
“All churches weren’t worth 1 republican life” Azana
Reaction – church allies itself with Right
Home Rule – Catalan Statute (‘32) gave Catalonia more independence
Reaction – ‘32 Sanjurjo (Army) Rising opposed to Home Rule and Army Reforms is crushed
From these reforms, who has the gov’t decided to support?

8. Civil Unrest 1931~33
CNT (Anarchists) have 1 million members, strongest in Europe
Control the trade unions
1931 – inspired a strike by telephone workers resulting in 30 deaths
July 1933 – Casa Viejas Incident - inspired rising of peasants against slow pace of agrarian reforms which was brutally crushed by Republican gov’t
Ex. Police set fire to a house with 5 anarchists in it
Reaction – working class and peasantry become disillusioned with Republicans
Autumn 1933 – Socialists withdraw from gov’t and new elections are called
Who supports the Socialist gov’t before the Casa Viejas Incident?
Who supports them after?

9. Causes of the Spanish Civil War
Date
Leader
Who supports
Policies
Problems caused
Republicans and Socialists
Army – Sanjurjo Rising shows army is upset
Church - attacked
Landowners – lose influence
CNT – sparking violence
Farmers – upset with slow pace of reforms
Azana Reforms
1931~33
Azana

10. Lesson 2b - Spanish Republic 1931~36
Essential Question
What were the causes of the Spanish Civil War?
Learning Outcomes: Students will
Preview – Fool me twice?
Learn about the reactionary years
Success Criteria
I can complete my table outlining the causes of the Spanish civil war

11. Preview How was Germany treated after WW1?
As a result of this, what happened?
How do you think Germany was treated after WW2? Why?
Therefore, in Spain, after the failure of a Left-wing gov’t, which group do you think will lead next? Why?

12. Vocab CEDA Gil Robles Falange Party Bienio Negro Asturian Uprising
Popular Front

13. Pre-Fascist Political Structure
King
President
President
Chancellor – usually the leader of the largest party
Chancellor – usually the leader of the largest party
Prime Minister – usually the leader of the largest party
Deputati
Reichstag
Parliament

14. Years of Reaction 1934~36
1933 Elections – the right wing win 219 seats
Gil Robles sets up a right wing coalition (CEDA) but the president does not allow him to govern, but a radical Republican Party instead under Lerroux
Robles will not prop up the gov’t unless it’s members are allowed power within the gov’t, which is eventually accepted
Falange Party (Fascist) established, but little support
CEDA in gov’t results in Reforms reversed
Remove price controls
Stop land reform
Farm workers wages were lowered
Suspended Catalan autonomy
Salaries for priests restored
Military purged of republicans
Ex. Franco, Roble ally, made Chief of Staff

15. Bienio Negro – black years (1934~36)
Right-wing and Socialists begin to attack each other
Socialists begin to turn more revolutionary
Oct ‘34 – Asturian Uprising - During a miners strike opposing CEDA, Socialists attempt to overthrow the gov’t
Unsuccessful because the Left is not united
Revolt is crushed in 2 weeks by Franco, resulting in 2000 killed, 10,000 imprisoned
The left learns that they must unite if they wish to defeat the right
1935 – Azana and Prieto start to unify the left into the Popular Front

16. So which way do you think the turned on the political spectrum?
Popular Front
Feb 1936 – Elections are narrowly won by the Popular Front
Popular Front begins to release political prisoners
Franco, Roble ally, is sent to the Canary Islands
Strikes break out from the left to regain what was lost between 1934~36
Ex. Mar ‘36 – farmers in the West revolt and take over 36 farms
Right-wing will no longer work within the system/parliament
Why?
So which way do you think the turned on the political spectrum?

17. Causes of the Spanish Civil War
Date
Leader
Who supports
Policies
Problems caused
Republicans and Socialists
Army – Sanjurjo Rising shows army is upset
Church - attacked
Landowners – lose influence
CNT – sparking violence
Farmers – upset with slow pace of reforms
Azana Reforms
1931~33
Azana
Asturian Uprising
Socialists –move further left
Bienio Negro
CEDA and
Catholic Church
Reverse Azana Reforms
1933~36
Lerroux
Release Political Prisoners
CEDA – Republicanism doesn’t work and move further right (Falange)
Popular Front
1936
Azana

18. Lesson 2c - Spanish Republic 1931~36
Essential Question
What were the causes of the Spanish Civil War?
Learning Outcomes: Students will
Preview – Where is Spain in 1936?
Learn about the Spark of the Spanish Civil War
Learn how to determine which factors were most important
Success Criteria
I can outline the reasons for the Spanish Civil War

19. Review
During the Spanish Republic, what has happened with the Left and Right on the political spectrum?
Where did they start?
Where are they now? Why?

20. Buildup to outbreak
May 1st, 1936 – The Left have a parade to show strength to the right
A convent is set on fire after rumours of mass feeding of poisonous sweets to kids
July – Running of the Bulls – with the support of some army officers, Fascists and other conservatives organize a plan to start a revolt in Morocco on July 17
Franco is asked to lead the revolt, but he is hesitant

21. The Spark
July 12 – Lt. Castillo, a high-profile anti-fascist army officer, was murdered by Falangists
Immediately, the Left wanted revenge
6 hours later, a police van arrives at the house of Jose Calvo Sotelo, a nationalist leader, where he is killed in police custody
Results in mass support for the Nationalists
Despite warnings, the Republican gov’t in Madrid does nothing
July 17 – Franco, arriving in Morocco, initiates a coup against the Republican gov’t
In response, the Republican gov’t arms the workers to fight against the army

22. Causes of the Spanish Civil War
What individuals, groups, other factors are involved?
People?
Groups?
Social Factors?
To what extent did they influence the event? Place the X
Explain why you placed the X where you did?
Lack of land for the poor (poverty)
Workers Rights
National Unity vs. Home Rule
Church
Landowners
Military
Fascists
Monarchists
Arana
Robles
Franco
Anarchists
Socialists
Republicans

23. Causes of the Spanish Civil War
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