1. Chapter 10: PERFORMANCE  Performer – brings to life printed symbols laid out by a composer  Much is left to the performer  Improvisation – music created at the same time it’s performed Vital aspect of jazz

2.  Prior to 19 th century – performers were expected to add certain ornaments, or embellishing tones, not in the printed music  Music prior to 1600 – challenging because many times the composer was not specific in stating which instrument should be used, plus instruments are different

3. THE PERFORMER  Many great performers are seen that way and encouraged before the age of 10  Natural gifts are not enough  Virtuoso – an artist of extraordinary technical mastery

4. LISTENING TO A VIRTUOSO  Egyptian Piano Concerto No. 5, Mvmt. III Composer: Camille Saint-Saens Pianist: Charles Dutoit Video:

5. THE CONDUCTOR  Conductor – the leader of a group of musicians, represents responsibility and authority  Baton –  Other hand –  Conducting styles vary greatly

6.  Most of a conductor’s work is done in rehearsal  Must be good listener  Usually memorize the score  Traditionally thought of as most glamorous role in music profession*  Concertmaster – first violinist

7. RECORDED AND LIVE PERFORMANCE  Today, most contact with music comes from recordings  1888 – phonograph became commercially available  1900-1910 – several milestones: First recordings of an opera and symphony

8.  Dubbing  Last 250 years – concert hall listening developed, it’s new and now becoming obsolete  Recordings of music have become the background to life, not the focus, but they have positive implications, too…

9. JUDGING PERFORMANCE  Responses to a musical performance are HIGHLY subjective!

10. MUSICAL STYLE o Musical style – a characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, timbre, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form

11. Chapter 11: MUSICAL STYLE Refers to a characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, tone color, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form

12. Musical Style When you hear an unfamiliar piece on the radio and identify it as jazz, Italian opera, or a Beethoven symphony, etc.. You are responding to the music’s style. Styles change from one era to the next To fully understand the style of a composition, one has to be aware of its function in society.

13.  History of musical styles can be summarized and studied as the following musical eras: Middle Ages (450-1450) Renaissance (1450-1600) Baroque (1600-1750) Classical (1750-1820) Romantic (1820-1900) 20 th Century (1900’s)