1. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 1 CO 2 geological storage: Road Map, EOR, aquifers, mineral Stuart Haszeldine School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh s.haszeldine@ed.ac.uk

2. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 2 Edinburgh Centre: SCCS Edinburgh University - CCS system, geology, flow modelling Heriot-Watt University - petroleum engineering, hydrates British Geological Survey - CCS expertise, regional geology Studies: Road Map: UK Energy Research Centre CCS in India - legal, geological, social Enhanced oil recovery modelling Hydrates during injection and transport CO2 geochemical interaction with reservoir and seal Natural CO2 sites - long-term performance and acceptance Exploration for aquifer storage sites linked to retrofit CCS Regional assessment links of CO2 source, transport, store 10 staff, 8 Post-doctoral, 15 PhD research, 6/yr MSc

3. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 3 Connections and networks Largest group of academics in the UK researching CO 2 Storage

4. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 4 EOR Commercial added value for oil companies Onshore: Viable in USA, Canada etc - receives help on capital cost or production taxation Offshore: No examples Assessed in UK (BP) and Norway (Shell) - rejected economics

5. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 5 Model from Frykman et al, 2006 0 500 1000 Saline AQUIFER: Ketzin CO2SINK Perm (mD) Sensitivity studies predicting CO2 distribution after 2.5 yr CO2GeoNet 3D volume predicting porous river sand reservoir shapes Thin layers of rapid flow

6. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 6 Miller oilfield: natural CO 2 seal Miller Sleipner 30% 5% Low CO2 High CO2 X

7. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 7 UK aquifer study “CASSEM” 3.7 M Euro Aquifer methodology Two UK settings Site exploration linked to coal plant Integrated project Combustion, Transport, Geology, Geophysics, Storage volumes Reservoir engineering, Risk, Public acceptance

8. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 8 India : possible study sites EOR on/offshore (costs?) Associated gas (very cheap) Aquifers on/offshore (large volume)

9. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 9 Road Map & R&D Linkages of entire CCS chain, based on UK experience, and EU- ZEP. Adapted to India context. Joint university and Institute research on: Efficiency, Capture, Storage, Environment, Acceptance Work on SPECIFIC examples, not just generic Vision and timing of early actions to provide decarbonised fossil-fired electricity supply in national energy portfolio. Efficiency routes and innovations for India. Capture-ready routes and innovations. Transport options Storage options and innovations Supply chain industry benefits Environmental and climate change benefits R&D capability UK Energy Research Centre EU Zero Emission Plants EXAMPLES

10. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 10 Collaboration: Edinburgh AQUIFERS - General, Detail case studies, Volumes INDIA - Capacity building - MSc, PhD, PDRA - Efficiency and capture-ready possibilities, timescales - CCS chain (legal, capture, store, public/policy blockages) - identify cheap geological stores close to CO2 source identify cheap geological stores close to CO2 source - unconventional storage for India (export, hydrates, ?mineral) unconventional storage for India (export, hydrates, ?mineral) EOR- identify particular field(s) close to CO2 source ASSOCIATED GAS - identify particular field(s) with CO2 ROAD MAP of need, benefit, counterfactual dis-benefits, capacity building first actionsDec 2008 ? BASALTS - identify sites, rates interaction CO2 HYDRATES - identify capture, transport, storage sites

11. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 11

12. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 12 Evaluating the reservoir: Utsira

13. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 13 India: unconventional solutions? Power Secretary: likes capture, dislikes storage, likes minerals Science Minister: likes storage, wants it cheap 1)Export coastal CO2 by boat, to re-fill and import gas 2)Deep ocean bed hydrates 3)Add hydrogen => micro-biology + nutrient hydrogen: wind/wave/hydro or nuclear 4)Bio-char - recarbonise soils 5)Mineralisaton - basalt ??

14. Stuart.Haszeldine@ed.ac.uk Delhi CCS R&D prorities 2008 14 Capillary seal: less CO 2 than oil CO2 harder to seal than oil. Only 25% of oil volume trapped. Baseline measurement / modelling needed to guarantee seal CO2 Oil