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Published byGodfrey Fowler Modified over 9 years ago
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Industrial Revolution Major Inventions of the 18-19 th centuries
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Spinning Jenny
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Invented by: James Hargreaves Description: Allowed more thread to be produced by spinners Impact: Spinning process FASTER
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Water-powered loom
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Developed by: Edmund Cartwright Impact: Weavers could keep pace with the surplus of yarn produced by new spinning machines
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Steam engine
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Improved by: James Watt Description: Made changes that enabled engine to drive factory machinery Impact: Railroad industry booms; Factories can be built AWAY from WATER
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Railroad
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Description: A steam locomotive that ran on rails Impact: Helped lay foundations for larger markets (Transportation) and opened up new forms of investment
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Paddle-wheel Steamboat
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Built by: Robert Fulton Impact: Transportation along canals, rivers, and lakes made easier
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Industrial Societies What makes an industrial society? Do the benefits of industrialization justify the costs?
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The Second Industrial Revolution 1870-1914
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New Industrial Frontiers Steel, Chemicals, Electricity 1870-1914: Steel replaced iron Steel: Lighter, smaller, faster machines, engines, railroads, etc. Electricity: Convertible into heat, light, motion New transportation: ocean liners, airplanes, automobiles
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2 New Economic Zones Industrial – Makes Stuff Agricultural – Grows Stuff Go to the map on p. 617
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Attempts at Reform
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LABOR UNIONS Formed by laborers to work for change Unions negotiate for better pay, conditions with employers 1 st Legal Strikes in GB in 1870s Union goals –higher wages –shorter hours –improved conditions
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Universal Education Causes –2 nd Ind Rev needed skilled workers –To better educate voters –To build Patriotism Effects –Need more Teacher, so more Colleges –Increased Literacy, so more Newspapers
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Socialism Ideology Equality of all people Upset with elites (bankers, industrialists,etc) Replace competition w/ cooperation Early socialists: “Utopians” Ultimate goal: classless society
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Marxist Socialism A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production (nat. resources, factories, etc.)
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Karl Marx: “World history… is the history of class struggles.”
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Marx’s Theory Industrialized societies split into two great classes Oppressors vs. Oppressed Struggle leads to violent revolution Dictatorship: gov. in which a person or group has absolute power Final Revolution Classless society
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Key Terms
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Bourgeoisie The Middle Class French origin; Sometimes negative connotation— Ambition, greed
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Proletariat The Working class; From Marx’s theory (i.e. Russian Revolution)
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Industrial Capitalism Economic system based on industrial production Produced middle class; people who built factories, bought machines, studied markets
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