1. The Industrial Revolution
Why Britain?
Why then?

2. Causes: 1. Expanding Atlantic economy and British Empire
                                                                  

3. 2. Favorable Natural Conditions
                                               
Coal
Iron
Waterways

4. 3. Agricultural Revolution, 1700-1800
                                               
Jethro Tull,
First Modern Farmer
Invented seed drill

5. Seed Drill
                                                                                     

6. Agricultural Rev. (cont.)
Enclosures
Crop rotation system
Improvement
became the goal
                                      

7. Agricultural Rev. (cont.)
Led to:
More efficient food production
Cheaper food
More disposable income
Less workers needed
in rural areas
                                               

8. 4. Political conditions Constitutional Monarchy Relative Stability
Economic growth
                                 

9. 5. Legal conditions No internal tarrifs Patent law encouraged
invention
                                        

10. 6. Financial Conditions Effective central bank (1694)
Well-develop credit
markets
Plenty of capital
                                               

11. 7. Proto-industry Putting-out system or cottage industry
Division of labor
                                                                                      

12. 8. Major technological advances
Cotton is king!
1760s - James Hargreaves invented Spinning Jenny
1760s - Richard Arkwright
invented Water Frame
Samuel Crompton
invented the Spinning Mule
                                               

13. 8. Major technological advances
1770s: Arkwright also developed the Factory System:
One roof
Central source of power
Division of Labor
                                     

14. 8. Major technological advances (cont.)
Steam Power:
1698: Thomas Savery invented a steam
engine
1712: Thomas Newcomen invented a
steam engine
1765: James Watt greatly improved
Newcomen engine
1820s: Railroads: George Stephenson’s
Rocket