1. Hongna Wang Nov. 28, 2012 Journal Report About CFD

2. Investigation of hydrodynamics, heat transfer and cracking reaction in a heavy oil riser with bottom airlift loop mixer Jian Chang, Fandong Meng Luoyang, SINOPEC Chemical Engineering Science 78 (2012) 128–143

3.  This paper aims at CFD investigation and optimization of hydrodynamics, heat transfer and cracking reaction in a heavy oil riser together with a bottom airlift loop mixer, which is operated with the new operating mode of low temperature contact and high catalyst-to-oil ratio. By extending a validated gas–solid two-phase flow model (Zheng et al., 2001) to incorporate the feedstock vaporization and a 12-lump heavy oil reaction kinetics model (Wu, 2009), a three-phase CFD model is estab- lished. Introduction [1] Wu, F.Y., 2009. Study on Lumped Kinetic Model for FDFCC. (Doctor Thesis). East China University of Science and Technology, China. [2] Zheng, Y.,Wan,X.,Qian,Z.,Wei,F.,Jin,Y.,2001.Numericalsimulationofthegas- particle turbulent flow in riser reactor based on k–e–kp–ep–y two-fluid model. Chem. Eng.Sci.56,6813–6822.

4.  12-lump kinetics model (Wu, 2009) is used to describe the cracking reaction of heavy oil in the current riser reactor. Modelling [1]Lan, X.Y., Xu, C.M., Wang, G., Wu, L., Gao, J.S., 2009. CFD mdeling of gas-particle flow and cracking reaction in two-stage riser FCC reactors. Chem. Eng. Sci. 64, 3847–3858..

5. Validation

6.  Drastically non-uniform in the axial and radial direction  Deteriorating the gas-solid contact and then the cracking reaction  Drastically non-uniform in the axial and radial direction  Deteriorating the gas-solid contact and then the cracking reaction Hydrodynamics in riser

7.  Well mixed in mixer  Complex in the nozzle region Heat transfer characteristics

8.  Injection angle----60°is superior Optimization of operating parameters

9.  Reaction time --- a short time i.e. 3.02s is favorable. Optimization of operating parameters

10.  Catalyst-to-oil ratio --- 7-8 is more suitable. Optimization of operating parameters

11. Conclusions  Extending a validated gas–solid flow model and 12-lump kinetic model, a three-phase flow and reaction model is established.  The bottom airlift loop mixer causes the hot and the cool catalyst well mix and obtains a uniform catalyst temperature at riser inlet.  Preferable condition for a higher light liquid yield: injection angle of 60°; catalyst-to-oil ratio of 7-8; and a shorter reaction time of 3.02 s.

12. Steady-state simulation of core-annulus flow in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser Xi Gao, Li-Jun Wang Zhejiang University Chemical Engineering Science 78 (2012) 98–110

13. Introduction  A steady-state multiphase CFD model is proposed for the simulation of core-annulus flow in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser.  There is no demonstration in the literature that the unrealistic sensitivity of steady models is well settled.  The main objectives are: (1) to develop a new steady-state model to simulate the core-annulus flow, which can eliminate the unrealistic sensitivity while consuming less computational resources compared with transient models; (2) to conduct comparative analysis of the effects of inlet boundary conditions on the simulation results; (3) to investigate sensitivity of model parameters on simulated results.

14. Modelling  A CFD model based on Eulerian–Eulerian approach and modified k-e turbulence model.  Second-order scheme was used for all variables except the volume fraction equations, for which the QUICK discretization scheme was used.

15. Results and discussion  The steady-state model can simulate the core-annulus flow more efficiently, which can eliminate the unrealistic sensitivity and consumes less computational resources.

16. Inlet boundary conditions  Results show that in the fully developed region, the steady-state model is not sensitive to the three different inlet boundary conditions. So C is used for simulation

17.  These sensitivity analysis were investigated in this section, in which four key parameters including particle–particle restitution coefficient (e s ), particle-wall restitution coefficient(e w ), specularity factor(ψ) and kinetic energy transfer coefficient(Cs) were considered. Sensitivity study

18. Conclusions  The steady-state model can simulate the core-annulus flow more efficiently, which can eliminate the unrealistic sensitivity.  In the fully developed region, the steady-state model is not sensitive to the three different inlet boundary conditions.  The sensitivity of the model predictions with respect to four parameters indicates that e w and ψ has weak influence on the correctly prediction of core-annulus flow, while the model remains a certain of sensitivity to e s (1)and Cs(0.85).