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Published byNatalie Singleton Modified over 9 years ago
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Ch.5
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Subcontinent – a large landmass that is smaller than a continent Himalayas Hindu Kush Major rivers: Indus and Ganges Monsoons – seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons
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Developed in the Indus River valley Cities: Harappa and Mohenjo Daro Achievements: Indoor plumbing Writing system Mysteriously disappeared
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Vedas – collection of poems, hymns, myths and rituals Raja – leader who ruled a village and the land around it Sanskrit – most important language of ancient India
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Varnas – social divisions Brahmins – priests Kshatriyas – rulers and warriors Vaisyas – farmers, craftspeople, traders Sudras – laborers and non-Aryans Untouchables Caste system – divided Indian society into groups based on a person’s birth, wealth, or occupation
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Hinduism – largest religion in India today Polytheism Reincarnation – process of rebirth Karma – the effects that good and bad actions have on a person’s soul Jainism – teaches all life is sacred Nonviolence – avoidance of violent actions
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Injure no life Tell the truth Do not steal Own no property
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Founded by Siddhartha Gautama Fasting – going w/out food Meditation – the focusing of the mind on spiritual beliefs Buddha – “Enlightened One” Teachings became known as Buddhism
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Four Noble Truths – guiding principles Nirvana – state of perfect peace Frees the soul from suffering and from the need to further reincarnation Missionaries – people who work to spread their religious beliefs
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Mauryan Empire – ruled India for 150 years United India Asoka – strongest emperor Gupta Empire – reunited India India flourished under their rule Defeated by the Huns
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Scientific Advances Metallurgy – science of working with metals Alloys – mixtures of two or more metals Hindu-Arabic numerals – the very numbers we use today Inoculation – injecting a person with a small does of a virus to help him or her build up defenses to a disease
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Astronomy – study of stars and planets Seven of nine planets Sun was a star and that the earth revolved around it The earth was a sphere that rotated on its axis Predict eclipses of the sun and the moon
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