1. Life Science Unit 1 Chapter 4 Lesson 2 How Scientists Order Living Things

2. How do we find a student? How would you give a new exchange student directions to get to see you at the Academy? How would you give a new exchange student directions to get to see you at the Academy?

3. Narrowing it Down When giving directions, we start with a large and broad direction such as fly to Pittsburgh When giving directions, we start with a large and broad direction such as fly to Pittsburgh As the directions get closer to you, they get more specific As the directions get closer to you, they get more specific

4. How does this apply to Taxonomy? Scientist use a “Map” to help classify and identify animals Scientist use a “Map” to help classify and identify animals All living things are classified under 7 categories All living things are classified under 7 categories Each category gets more specific as it gets to the last step Each category gets more specific as it gets to the last step

5. KingdomKing PhylumPhilip ClassCame OrderOver FamilyFrom GenusGerman SpeciesShores

6. What’s in a Name? We identify a living thing by binomial nomenclature with is the Genus then Species We identify a living thing by binomial nomenclature with is the Genus then Species Example: Homo Sapien Example: Homo Sapien Homo is the Genus Homo is the Genus Sapien is the Species Sapien is the Species

7. Speciation Species- A group of organisms that can mate with each other Species- A group of organisms that can mate with each other If they can mate and produce fertile offspring they are put into the same species If they can mate and produce fertile offspring they are put into the same species If they cannot produce fertile offspring, they cannot be classified as the same species If they cannot produce fertile offspring, they cannot be classified as the same species Example: Mule, Hinny, Liger Example: Mule, Hinny, Liger

8. Kingdoms There are five kingdoms we use in the modern classification system There are five kingdoms we use in the modern classification system 1. Kingdom Plantae- includes all green plants 1. Kingdom Plantae- includes all green plants Examples: Blue Spruce, Fern, Ginko, Grass, Moss, Oak Tree, Rose, Tomato Plant Examples: Blue Spruce, Fern, Ginko, Grass, Moss, Oak Tree, Rose, Tomato Plant

9. Kingdoms 2. Kingdom Animalia- contains all animals, vertebrates and invertebrates 2. Kingdom Animalia- contains all animals, vertebrates and invertebrates Example: Earthworms, Piranha, Tiger, Rat, Lobster, Spider, Blue Whale Example: Earthworms, Piranha, Tiger, Rat, Lobster, Spider, Blue Whale

10. Kingdoms 3. Kingdom Fungi- contains all fungi 3. Kingdom Fungi- contains all fungi Fungi- non-green organisms that reproduce from spores and absorb their food Fungi- non-green organisms that reproduce from spores and absorb their food Examples: Portobello Mushrooms, Yeast, Mold Examples: Portobello Mushrooms, Yeast, Mold

11. Kingdoms 4. Kingdom Prokaryotae- Contains all species of bacteria 4. Kingdom Prokaryotae- Contains all species of bacteria Example: E. Coli Example: E. Coli

12. Kingdoms 5. Kingdom Protoctista- contains organisms that have a nucleus (usually one celled) that do not fit into the other categories 5. Kingdom Protoctista- contains organisms that have a nucleus (usually one celled) that do not fit into the other categories Examples: Amoeba, Euglena, Green Algae Examples: Amoeba, Euglena, Green Algae

13. Viruses Viruses are not classified as living even though they reproduce Viruses are not classified as living even though they reproduce They need a host cell to reproduce, therefore they are not self-sustaining, so they are non living They need a host cell to reproduce, therefore they are not self-sustaining, so they are non living