1. Early Societies of Oceania 1500 B.C.E.-700 C.E.

2. 2 Early societies of Oceania, 1500 B.C.E.-700 C.E.

3. Australia & New Guinea (1) Human migrants arrived in Australia & New Guinea at least 60K years ago –By mid-centuries of 1st millennium CE, human communities in all habitable islands of Pacific Ocean –~10,000 years ago, rising seas separated Australia & New Guinea –Australia  hunting & gathering until 19th-20th CE –New Guinea  Turned to agriculture ~ 3000 BCE

4. Australia & New Guinea (2) Austronesian peoples from southeast Asia were seafarers to New Guinea ~3000 BCE Early agriculture in New Guinea  root crops & herding animals

5. Peopling of Pacific Islands Austronesian migration to Polynesia –Outrigger canoes enabled them to sail safely –Agriculture and domesticated animals Austronesian migrations to Micronesia & Madagascar

6. Lapita Peoples Lapita Society from New Guinea to Tonga (1500-500 B.C.E.) –Agricultural villages –Pottery with geometric designs –Networks of trade/communication  pottery, obsidian, shells, tools traded –After 500 B.C.E. trade network declined; cultures developed independently –Hierarchical chiefdoms; tension led to migration –Divine or semi-divine chiefs: led public rituals, oversaw irrigation

7. Facial Reconstruction of Lapita burial on Fiji, ca. 3000 http://www.frimlin.com/links/2005/08/reconstructed-face-of-lapita-culture.php