1. Elsevier items and derived items © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 13 Understanding Anxiety and Anxiety Defenses

2. Elsevier items and derived items © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Stress Leads to Anxiety Produced by change in environmentProduced by change in environment Individual perceives change asIndividual perceives change as –Challenging –Threatening –Damaging Stress leads to a variety of psychological responsesStress leads to a variety of psychological responses Anxiety the most common responseAnxiety the most common response

3. Elsevier items and derived items © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Anxiety versus Fear Anxiety has an unknown or unrecognized sourceAnxiety has an unknown or unrecognized source Fear is a reaction to a specific threatFear is a reaction to a specific threat

4. Elsevier items and derived items © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Categories of Anxiety Normal anxietyNormal anxiety –Healthy life force necessary for survival Acute or state anxietyAcute or state anxiety –Crisis threatens sense of security Chronic or trait anxietyChronic or trait anxiety –Long-term anxiety (e.g., chronic fatigue or insomnia) –Discomfort in relationships or poor job performance

5. Elsevier items and derived items © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Four Levels of Anxiety MildMild ModerateModerate SevereSevere PanicPanic

6. Elsevier items and derived items © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Five Properties of Defense Mechanisms 1.Manage conflict and affect 2.Relatively unconscious 3.Discrete from one another 4.Often hallmarks of psychiatric syndromes, but reversible 5.Adaptive as well as pathological

7. Elsevier items and derived items © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Sublimation

8. Humor

9. Suppression

10. Compensation

11. Introjection

12. Identification

13. Repression

14. Displacement

15. Reaction Formation

16. Elsevier items and derived items © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Somatization

17. Undoing

18. Rationalization

19. Regression

20. Projection

21. Denial