1. Changes in State o Vapor Pressure ▫observation ▫definition ▫temperature dependence o Changes in State ▫enthalpies ▫heating curves o Phase Diagrams ▫special points ▫examples

2. Vapor Pressure o Dfns. ▫pres. of vapor present above a (l) or (s) ▫  H  vap energy to convert 1 mole liquid to gas at 1 atm o Eq. Vapor Pressure ▫rate of evaporation = rate of condensation o Measuring P vapor ▫Hg column P vapor = P atm – P Hg column

3. Temperature Dependence

4. R = 8.3145 J/molK T = temperature (K) C = const. related to  S

5. Changes in State: Heating Curve

6. condensation evaporation

7. Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation evaporation melting freezing

8. Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation evaporation melting freezing enthalpy of vaporization

9. Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation evaporation melting freezing enthalpy of vaporization enthalpy of fusion

10. Phase Diagrams o Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system o Experiments ▫1:  T at P = 1 atm http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG Iodine (546  C) (0.118 atm) 1

11. Phase Diagrams o Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system o Experiments ▫1:  T at P = 1 atm ▫2:  T at P = 0.01 atm http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG Iodine (546  C) (0.118 atm) 2 1

12. Phase Diagrams o Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system o Experiments ▫1:  T at P = 1 atm ▫2:  T at P = 0.01 atm ▫3:  T at P = 0.118 atm http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG Iodine (546  C) (0.118 atm) 3 2 1

13. Phase Diagrams o Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system o Experiments ▫1:  T at P = 1 atm ▫2:  T at P = 0.01 atm ▫3:  T at P = 0.118 atm ▫4:  T at P = 1 atm http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG Iodine (546  C) (0.118 atm) 3 2 1 4

14. Phase Diagrams o Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system o Experiments ▫1:  T at P = 1 atm ▫2:  T at P = 0.01 atm ▫3:  T at P = 0.118 atm ▫4:  T at P = 1 atm ▫5:  P at T = 100.  C http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG Iodine (546  C) (0.118 atm) 3 2 1 4 5

15. Phase Diagrams o Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system o Experiments ▫1:  T at P = 1 atm ▫2:  T at P = 0.01 atm ▫3:  T at P = 0.118 atm ▫4:  T at P = 1 atm ▫5:  P at T = 100.  C ▫6:  P at T = 150.  C http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG Iodine (546  C) (0.118 atm) 3 2 1 4 56

16. Phase Diagrams: Water