1. 1 The Atom Explain the story of Democritus and the piece of salt. Atoms are the basic units of __________. Atoms are _________ small. Atoms are made of _____________ particles.

2. 2 Atomic Structure There are _______+ types of subatomic particles. Protons: 1. found in the _____________ 2. have a _____________ charge 3. their __________ is approximately equal to 1 __________________ (amu) Neutrons: 1. found in the _____________ 2. have _____ charge (neutral) 3. their __________ is approximately equal to 1 __________________ (amu) Electrons: 1. found _____________ the nucleus in the _____________ (electron cloud/orbits) 2. have a _____________ charge 3. their mass is approximately equal to _______ amu

3. 3 How to Read the Periodic Table Vertical columns are called _______ or _______. These elements have similar but not identical characteristics. Horizontal rows are called _______. 1. These elements are not alike in properties. The first element in a period is usually an active solid, and the last element in a period is always an active gas. 2. Atomic size decreases from left to right across a period, but atomic mass increases from left to right across a period. Black letters represent the _______ phase. Green letters represent the_______ phase. Red letters represent the _______ phase. The lanthanoid series and actinoid series are known as _____________ metals.

4. 4 How to Read the Periodic Table (Labeling All the Parts) 6 C Carbon 12.011

5. 5 Calculating Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Atomic number (Z)=number of protons (p+)=number of electrons (e-) Mass number (A)=number of protons (p+) and neutrons (n°) A – Z = # of n° A = Z + # of n° A = (# of p+) +(# of n°)

6. 6 Calculating the Number of Neutrons Step 1: Identify the atomic number (Z). ↓ Identify the mass number (A). Step 2: Round off the mass number (A) to the nearest whole number. ↓ Step 3: Subtract the atomic number (Z) from the mass number (A).

7. 7 Chemical Elements _________ are made up entirely of ___ type of atom. There are ___ naturally occurring elements Each element has its own symbol consisting of ___, ___, or ___ letters. (ex. hydrogen=H, _______=O, lithium=___, lead=___, _________=Uun, etc.) Most elements are _______. (ex. C, S, P, Na, Ca, K, etc.) Some elements are _______. (ex. O, N, Cl, etc.) Few elements are _______. (ex. Hg, Br, etc.)

8. 8 Games! Games! The following five links will takes you to some fun websites for some memory games relating to atomic number, mass number, symbols and names, etc. 1.www.edu4kids.com/chem/www.edu4kids.com/chem/ 2.www.quia.com/custom/786gate.htmlwww.quia.com/custom/786gate.html 3.www.quia.com/custom/786flas.htmlwww.quia.com/custom/786flas.html 4.www.quia.com/custom/786conc.htmlwww.quia.com/custom/786conc.html 5.http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/index.asphttp://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/index.asp

9. 9 Isotopes The ____________ (Z) of an element never changes. However, the number of _______ can vary from one atom of the element to the next. Examples: 1. ordinary hydrogen= ___ p+, ___ e-, and ___ n° 2. deuterium= ___ p+, ___ e-, and ___ n° 3. tritium= ___ p+, ___ e-, and ___ n° All three forms of hydrogen have the same ___________ (Z) but they each have a different ___________ (A). Atoms of the same _________ that have the same number of ________ (p+) but different numbers of ________ (n°) are known as _________ of that element. _________ of an element are represented b adding the number that indicates the ___________ (A) of hat isotope to the ___________. Examples: 1. Ordinary hydrogen is written ___. 2. Deuterium is written ___. 3. Tritium is written ___.

10. 10 Radioactive Isotopes The _______ of some atoms are _______ and will from time to time break down, releasing _______ and/or _______ that we call _______. Atoms that emit radiation are said to be _______. Many elements have at least ___ radioactive _______. All the isotopes of elements with atomic numbers (Z) _______ than ___ are _______. Practical uses of radioactive isotopes: 1. 2. 3. 4. Radioactive isotopes must be handled with great _______. Radiation can _______ or _______ living things.

11. 11 Chemical Compounds When _______ combine to form substances consisting of ___ or more different _______, chemical _______ are formed. The atoms in a chemical compound are combined in _______ proportions. Chemical compounds are represented by ____________. Examples of chemical formulas: 1. water = H 2 0 2. table salt = _______ 3. sulfuric acid = _______ 4. carbon dioxide = _______ 5. carbon monoxide = _______ 6. ammonia = _______