1. Lindsay Bailey Chris McGuffey Spring 2005

2. Outline Advantages of Fusion over Fission Theory behind two methods to obtain fusion: Inertial confinement Magnetic confinement Apparatus Results and success rate Future of Fusion

3. www1.union.edu/ ~surmanr/phys160/ www.lanl.gov/ ICF/ICFIntro.html FusionFission www1.union.edu/~surmanr/phys160/ What is the difference?

4. Binding Energy vs. Atomic # http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.731

5. Fusion versus Fission? Fission Very little Very little air pollution- produces helium (inert gas) Small amounts of Radioactive waste, half-life 50-100 years Abundant fuels Expensive facilities Very high “activation energy” Very high “activation energy” Fusion Very little air pollution Very little air pollution Radioactive waste half-lives from 56 seconds to 4.5 billion yrs. Radioactive waste half-lives from 56 seconds to 4.5 billion yrs. Contamination risks Contamination risks 450+ yrs. fuel 450+ yrs. fuel Weapons risks Weapons risks

6. Magnetic Confinement Experimental Methods for Fusion Inertial Confinement Magnetic Confinement www.fusion-eur.org/ fusion_cd/inertial.htm Fuel pellet heated by laser, x-ray, or ion beam energy http://www.jet.efda.org/ Plasma ions heated by current, RF heating, or hot beam injection

7. Inertial Confinement Magnetic Confinement www.lanl.gov/ ICF/ICFIntro.html http://www.plasmas.com/fusion-mag.htm Man made star at the Trident laser facility Plasma Torus within Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

8. Inertial Confinement Ablation shell causes Deuterium-Tritium fuel to compress rapidly. www.llnl.gov Lasers heat walls of cylinder. Walls radiate x-rays evenly upon the spherical fuel capsule.

9. Magnetic Confinement Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

10. Experimental Results Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP)

11. Future www.iter.org FIREX- Osaka, Japan Alternative drivers Diode-pumped solid-state lasers KrF lasers Heavy-ion accelerators ITER Project $4.5 billion Siting argument Ryosuke Kodama, Osaka

12. References www.lanl.gov/ ICF/ICFIntro.htmlwww.lanl.gov/ ICF/ICFIntro.html www.plasmas.com/ fusion-mag.htmwww.plasmas.com/ fusion-mag.htm Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory www.fusion-eur.org/ fusion_cd/inertial.htm http://www.jet.efda.org/ http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.731 www1.union.edu/~surmanr/phys160/ Atzeni, Stefano. The Physics of inertial Fusion. 2004. Clarendon Press. Oxford. Braams, CM & Scott, PE. Nuclear Fusion. 2002. Institute of Physics. London.