1. 6 KINGDOMS OF LIFE

2. Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes Greek “Karyose” means kernel (like a kernel of grain) “pro” means before Before a nucleus Smaller size Simple “eu” means true Possessing a true nucleus Larger in size Complex “nucleoid” “nucleus”

3. Autotroph vs. Heterotroph Autotroph – makes its own energy source (ex. Plants use photosynthesis to make its own food for energy) Heterotroph – gets its energy from outside sources (ex. Animals eat plants and other animals to get energy)

4. “Ancient bacteria” Prokaryotes Unicellular Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Examples: Methanogens (found in human gut), halophiles (found in high salt content like Great Salt Lake), thermophiles (found in hot springs) Methanococcus janaschii short bacillus Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Kingdom I Archaebacteria

5. Kingdom 2 Eubacteria Prokaryote Unicellular Autotrophs or Heterotrophs Different chemical make-up than Archaebacteria Can live in extreme environments Examples: Bacteria (spirochetes), Cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria), Actinobacteria E.coli cyanobacteria Actinobacteria found in the soil

6. Kingdom 3 Protista Eukaryotes Unicellular and multicellular Heterotrophs and Autotrophs Examples: amoeba, green algae, brown algae, diatoms, euglena, slime molds. Oxygen is required “protista” means the very first any organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus Animal-like protists called protozoa Plant-like protists called algae Fungus-like protists called slime molds and water molds Amoeba – animal-like Euglena – plant-like Slime mold – fungus-like

7. Kingdom 4 Fungi (FUN jy) Eukaryotes Most are multicellular (yeast are unicellular) Heterotrophs Most found on land but few in water Feed on dead or decaying organisms Mushrooms Molds mildew Yeast

8. Kingdom 5 Plantae Eukaryotes Multicellular Autotrophs Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis Their cells contain a cell wall made of cellulose They are fixed in one place and don’t move hornwortfern conifers Flowering plants Etc.

9. Kingdom 6 Animalia Eukaryotes Multicellular Heterotrophs Require Oxygen Can sense and respond to their environment Cells lack cell walls

10. VIRUSES Not an organism! Does not belong to a Kingdom! Microscopic The average virus is about one one-hundredth the size of the average bacterium A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organismsinfectious agent most abundant type of biological entity millions of different types