1. IHOP Workshop, Toulouse, June 14-18, 2004 MODELING OF A BORE OBSERVED ON JUNE 04 DURING IHOP 2002 Mariusz Pagowski NOAA Research - Forecast Systems Laboratory CIRA, Colorado State University Steven E. Koch NOAA Research - Forecast Systems Laboratory J.-W. Bao NOAA Research - Environmental Technology Laboratory

2. Outline  Mesoscale Model Simulations  Comparison with Observations  Analysis ° Bore Origin ° Bore and the PBL  Conclusions

3. Model Setup  Nested MM5 model (18, 6, 2, 0.666 km) initialized at 00Z 4 June 02  Initial / boundary conditions from hourly RUC-20 km analyses  44 vertical levels (22 below 1500 m)  Ensemble based convective parameterization (Grell and Devenyi 2002) in two lower resolution domains  Different Mellor-Yamada based 1.5-order closures (Burk-Thompson 1989, Eta Janjic 1994, QL with prognostic mixing length Mellor and Yamada 1982)  Reisner microphysics and Smirnova land-surface model

4. NWS Surface Reports and Model Results (6km) 0500 UTC 1000 UTC

5. S-POL Radar Reflectivity and Model Results (6km) 0500 UTC0730 UTC

6. S-POL Radar Reflectivity and Model Results (2km) Convergence / Divergence pattern

7. S-POL Radar Reflectivity and Model Results (2km) Convergence / Divergence pattern

8. FM-CW, MAPR and Model Results (.6km) Vertical velocity Potential temperatureStructure function Vertical velocity

9. Bore Origin Divergence / convergence movie Front-relative velocity / relative humidity movie

10. Bore Origin cont’d Front-relative velocity Relative humidity

11. Bore Origin cont’d  Wave trapping when Scorer parameter decreases with height (lee waves, Holton 1992, Crook 1988)  Wave dispersion (Mahapatra et al. 1991)  Wave generation by pressure disturbances (Simpson 1987, Baines 1995)

12. Bore Origin cont’d Vertical velocity / Scorer parameter movie

13. Bore and the PBL TKE/Shear production movie

14. Bore and the PBL cont’d AERI Sounding and Model Results (.6km) Potential temperatureMixing ratio

15. Bore and the PBL cont’d Surface temperatureSurface relative humidity / mixing ratio

16. Bore and the PBL cont’d W-advectionTurbulence V-advectionU-advection

17. Conclusions  MM5 simulations show some realism in reproducing a second bore observed on June 4, 2002 during IHOP. Simulations show sensitivity to initial conditions and small sensitivity to TKE based PBL parameterizations.  Bore in the model is generated when wind/pressure perturbations induced by precipitation reach a surface front. This result cannot be verified since there are no observations.  The bore developed into a wave-train. Modeled wave amplitude and length is close to the observed. Origin of the wave-train is related to the nonhydrostatic (dynamic) pressure disturbances on the frontal head but cannot be verified.  Cooling and moistening of the mixed in the bore’s wake is reproduced by the model and can be easily explained. Surface warming and drying also occurs in the model due to advection. The warming is smaller than observed.