1. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. BIO 238

2. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. PARIETAL BONE (left) PARIETAL BONE (right) Lambdoid suture Sagittal suture OCCIPITAL BONE Coronal suture FRONTAL BONE ZYGOMATIC BONE NASAL BONES Superior view

4. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. TEMPORAL BONE PARIETAL BONE OCCIPITAL BONE FRONTAL BONE Lateral view Squamous suture Lambdoid suture Squamous part of temporal bone External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Zygomatic arch Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Temporal process of zygomatic bone Coronal suture SPHENOID NASAL BONE LACRIMAL BONE ETHMOID MAXILLA ZYGOMATIC BONE MANDIBLE Supra-orbital foramen Infra-orbital foramen Mental foramen Mental protuberance

5. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Coronal suture SPHENOID NASAL BONE LACRIMAL BONE ETHMOID MAXILLA Supra-orbital foramen Infra-orbital foramen Mental foramen Mental protuberance ZYGOMATIC BONE Optic canal Inferior orbital fissure Temporal process of zygomatic bone Mastoid process of temporal bone Middle nasal concha (part of ethmoid) Perpendicular plate of ethmoid Bony nasal septum VOMER Superior orbital fissure PARIETAL BONE TEMPORAL BONE PALATINE BONE INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA MANDIBLE Anterior view FRONTAL BONE

6. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ZYGOMATIC BONE MAXILLA TEMPORAL BONE PALATINE BONE Zygomatic arch Medial and lateral pterygoid processes Foramen lacerum Carotid canal Mastoid process Stylomastoid foramen Occipital condyle Foramen magnum VOMER SPHENOID OCCIPITAL BONE FRONTAL BONE Jugular foramen Foreman ovale Styloid process Mandibular fossa External acoustic meatus Lambdoid suture External occipital protuberance Inferior view

7. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Foramen magnum Carotid canal Internal occipital crest FRONTAL BONE ETHMOID SPHENOID TEMPORAL BONE PARIETAL BONE OCCIPITAL BONE Crista galli Cribriform plate Sella turcica Foramen rotundum Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal Superior view of a horizontal section through the skull, showing the floor of the cranial cavity.

8. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Occipital bone, inferior view External occipital protuberance Inferior nuchal line Hypoglossal canal Occipital condyle Foramen magnum External occipital crest Superior nuchal line

9. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Superior temporal line Inferior temporal line Right parietal bone, lateral view

10. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Anterior surface Superior temporal line Supra-orbital notch Supra-orbital margin Frontal squama Frontal (metopic) suture

11. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. External acoustic meatus Squamous part Mandibular fossa Zygomatic process Styloid process Mastoid process Lateral view of the right temporal bone

12. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Pterygoid plates Foramen rotundum Greater wing Orbital surface Superior orbital fissure Sphenoidal sinus Lesser wing Body Pterygoid process Anterior surface

13. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Orbital rim Infra-orbital foramen Alveolar process Anterior nasal spine An anterolateral view of the right maxilla. Zygomatic process

14. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Supra-orbital foramen SPHENOID NASAL BONE TEMPORAL BONE Zygomaticofacial foramen ZYGOMATIC BONE Infra-orbital foramen MAXILLA Bony nasal septum Perpendicular plate of ethmoid VOMER

15. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Articular surface for temporomandibular joint Head Mandibular notch Coronoid process Teeth Alveolar process Mental protuberance Mental foramen Body Ramus Condylar process Angle A lateral and slightly superior view of the mandible

16. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Greater horn Lesser horn Body An anterior view of the hyoid bone

17. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Epicranial aponeurosis Depressor labii inferioris Orbicularis oris Mentalis (cut) Zygomaticus major Levator anguli oris Zygomaticus minor Levator labii superioris Nasalis Orbicularis oculi Procerus Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis Depressor anguli oris Omohyoid Platysma (cut and reflected) Lateral view Temporoparietalis (cut and reflected) Temporalis Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis Masseter Buccinator Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius

18. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Scalenes Anterior Middle Posterior Anterior view, cervical region

19. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Superior temporal line Temporalis Capsule of temporomandibular joint Zygomatic arch Masseter Lateral view. The temporalis muscle passes medial to the zygomatic arch to insert on the coronoid process of the mandible. The masseter inserts on the angle and lateral surface of the mandible.

20. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Mandible Mylohyoid Digastric Anterior belly Posterior belly Sternocleidomastoid (cut) Omohyoid Superior belly Inferior belly Clavicle Cut heads of sternocleidomastoid Sternum Anterior view Sternal head Clavicular head Sternocleidomastoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyroid cartilage of larynx Thyrohyoid Hyoid bone Stylohyoid Geniohyoid Mylohyoid (cut and reflected)

21. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis Corrugator supercilii Temporalis (temporoparietalis removed) Orbicularis oculi Nasalis Zygomaticus minor Zygomaticus major Orbicularis oris Risorius Platysma Mentalis (cut) Thyroid cartilage of the larynx Epicranial aponeurosis Temporoparietalis (cut and reflected) Temporalis Procerus Levator labii superioris Levator anguli oris Masseter Buccinator Depressor anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris Sternal head of sternocleidomastoid Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Clavicle Platysma (cut and reflected) Anterior view

22. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Epicranial aponeurosis Depressor labii inferioris Orbicularis oris Mentalis (cut) Zygomaticus major Levator anguli oris Zygomaticus minor Levator labii superioris Nasalis Orbicularis oculi Procerus Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis Depressor anguli oris Omohyoid Platysma (cut and reflected) Lateral view Temporoparietalis (cut and reflected) Temporalis Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis Masseter Buccinator Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius

23. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid Cut edge of mandible Lateral view, pterygoid muscles exposed. The location and orientation of the pterygoid muscles can be seen after the overlying muscles, along with a portion of the mandible, are removed.

24. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Intervertebral Muscles, Posterior View Rotatores Intertransversarii Spinous process of vertebra Transverse process of vertebra Interspinales Posterior view Spinal Flexors Quadratus lumborum Flexors of the Anterior Cervical and Thoracic Spine Thoracodorsal fascia Longus capitis Longus colli Erector Spinae, Deep Layer