1. Body Organization Review

2. Planes of the Body Transverse plane Cuts the body into superior and inferior halves. 2 movements are internal rotation and external rotation. Frontal plane Cuts the body into anterior and posterior halves. 2 movements are abduction and adduction Sagittal plane Cuts the body into right and left halves. 2 movements are flexion and extension.

3. Directional Terms Anterior – front, towards the front. EX: The sternum is anterior to the scapula. Opposite is posterior. Posterior – back, towards the back. EX: The scapula is posterior to the sternum. Opposite is anterior. Medial – towards the midline. EX: The pinkie is medial to the thumb. Opposite is lateral. Lateral – away from the midline; towards the side. EX: The thumb is lateral the pinkie. Opposite is medial. Superior – above; towards the top. Only used on head and trunk. EX: The head is superior to the hips. Opposite is inferior. Inferior – below; towards the bottom. Only used on head and trunk. EX: The hips are inferior to the head. Opposite is superior. Distal – further away from the trunk or reference point. Only used on arms and legs. EX: The wrist is distal to the elbow. Opposite is proximal. Proximal – closer to the trunk or reference point. Only used on arms and legs. EX: The elbow is proximal to the wrist. Opposite is distal.

4. Movement Terms Flexion – decreasing the angle of a joint; sagittal plane. Extension – increasing the angle of a joint; sagittal plane. Abduction – movement away from the midline; frontal plane. Adduction – movement away from the midline; frontal plane. Internal Rotation – Rotation towards the midline of the body