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What is a meta-analysis (2 pts)?
What is reciprocal inhibition (2 pts)? Compare and contrast The Rorschach test and the TAT (4 pts.). Extra Credit According to Pinker, ________ has been declining since 1946. Who asked Pinker a question about video games? Which celebrity did Pinker mention at the beginning of his lecture on language? Pinker proposed a number of reasons to explain profanity. List three or more. (Incorrect answers will result in point deductions.
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You are of no use to me.
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Smith and Glass (1977) Mary Lee Smith Gene V. Glass
Educational psychologists at ASU
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Smith and Glass (1977) Meta-Analysis aimed at comparing different types of psychotherapy Increases in self-esteem Reductions in anxiety Improvements in school performance Improved general adjustment
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Smith and Glass (1977) Conclusions Psychotherapy works
No difference between types Continued meta-analyses are necessary
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Wolpe (1961) Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997)
Born in South Africa Temple Medical School You can’t treat phobias with Freudian concepts Reciprocal Inhibition
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Wolpe (1961) Relaxation Training Construct the Anxiety Hierarchy
Desensitize Progressively
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Rorschach (1942) Hermann Rorschach ( ) Swiss Psychoanalyst
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Rorschach (1942) Criteria for images Record
Simple, symmetrical, and “moderately suggestive of objects” Record Number of responses and reaction time (or lack of reaction) Did the subject add color or movement? How many parts were perceived? What exactly was seen?
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Rorschach (1942) Criticisms Promising results Applications
Can you test validity? Promising results Pre-diagnosed individuals Identifying extreme cases Applications Group discussions Conversation starters
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Murray (1938) Henry Murray (1893-1988) Harvard
Secret Service and Espionage in WWII Freudian Approach
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Murray (1938) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Assumes unconscious forces Used fiction writers as model examples Participants told that it was a test of “creative imagination.”
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Murray (1938) Stories came from four sources Criticisms
Books and Movies Real-life events involving friends/relatives Experiences in subject’s own life The subject’s conscious or unconscious fantasies Criticisms Validity: Is it measuring a constant trait or a passing phase? Is it confounded by the media age?
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