1. Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star…

4. How I wonder what you are… Stars have Different colors Which indicate different temperatures The hotter a star is, the faster it burns its life away.

8. The Magnitude Scale About 150 B.C., the Greek astronomer Hipparchus measured apparent brightness of stars using units called magnitudes Brightest stars had magnitude 1 and dimmest had magnitude 6 The system is still used today and units of measurement are called apparent magnitudes to emphasize how bright a star looks to an observer A star’s apparent magnitude depends on the star’s luminosity and distance – a star may appear dim because it is very far away or it does not emit much energy

10. Stars Start From Clouds Clouds provide the gas and dust from which stars form.

11. Stellar Nursery Gravity pulls the dust and gas together to form protostars.

12. Protostars Sun-like Stars Massive Stars ←Protostars start in nebulas.

13. A Star is Formed Sun-like Stars Massive Stars As the mass falls together it gets hot. A star is formed when it is hot enough for the hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to make helium This is nuclear fusion

14. A Main Sequence star Sun-like Stars Massive Stars It immediately enters a long stable period where the outward pressure created by nuclear fusion balances the force of gravity

15. Death Cycle Sun-like Stars Massive Stars The mass of the star determines it’s fate.

16. Death Cycle Sun-like Stars Massive Stars ←If the mass of the star is less than 8 solar masses, it follows the cycle to the left.

17. Death Cycle Sun-like Stars Massive Stars ←When all the Hydrogen is converted to Helium the forces become unbalanced and a RED GIANT is formed.

18. Death Cycle Sun-like Stars Massive Stars ←When all the Helium is converted to Carbon, a PLANETARY NEBULA is formed.

19. Death Cycle Sun-like Stars Massive Stars ←The remaining hot Carbon core is called a WHITE DWARF.

20. Death Cycle Sun-like Stars Massive Stars ← After cooling, it is called a BLACK DWARF.

21. Death Cycle Sun-like Stars Massive Stars If the mass of the star is greater than 8 solar masses, it follows the cycle to the right. →

22. Death Cycle Sun-like Stars Massive Stars As the nuclear fuel is consumed, a SUPER RED GIANT is formed. →

23. Death Cycle Sun-like Stars Massive Stars Once fusion stops, a SUPERNOVA occurs. →

24. Death Cycle Sun-like Stars Massive Stars If the left over core is less than 1.4 solar masses, a NEUTRON STAR is formed. →

25. Death Cycle Massive Stars If the leftover core, is greater than 1.4 solar masses, a BLACK HOLE forms. →

26. Matter leftover from the explosion of dying stars returns to the universe and can be recycled into new stars.

27. Life Cycle of a Star Rubric 1.Go to the websites listed on the back of this paper to get more information on a star’s life cycle. 2.Your assignment is to use the 10 cards you have been given to illustrate the life cycles of sun-like stars, huge stars, and giant stars. 3.You will need a card for each of the following: nebula(stellar nursery), protostar, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, black dwarf, red supergiant, supernova, neutron star, and black hole 4.You will have one card for each stage of the star’s life. 5.On the front of each card you need to draw and color the star. You must also label the stage of the star. 6.On the back you need to include 3-5 pieces of information about that stage from your research. 7.During the following period you will exchange cards with a partner and be asked to diagram, with the cards, the specific life cycle you have been assigned. You will have to demonstrate the life cycle of sun-like stars, huge stars, or giant stars. Grading: 10 colored pictures………………………………………………..20pts Having all pictures labeled.………………………………………10pts 3-5 pieces of information per card………………………………..30pts Correctly arranging cards in the life cycle……………………….15pts

28. For Your Information: http://www.telescope.org/pparc/res8.html www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/lifecycle/ http://webs.wichita.edu/lapo/lss.html http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101stars.html http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=38 http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/teachers/lifecycles/LC_main_p1.html http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/the-universe/stars-and-star-clusters http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/light/ http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/how-do-stars-form-and-evolve/ http://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/Labs/ShootTheStars/ http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Fusion/Fusion_in_stars/star_life.html http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/distance/life/sample/stars/