1. The Middle Ages Changes in Medieval Society Mr. Pagliaro

2. Main Idea Economics: – The feudal system and manorial economy declined as agriculture, trade, finance, towns, and universities developed.

3. Key vocabulary Terms: – three-field system – guild – Commercial Revolution – burgher – vernacular – scholastics/scholasticism Names: – Ibn Rushd (Averroes) – Ibn Sina (Avicenna) – Thomas Aquinas

4. Read pages 387-392:Use a diagram like the one below to identify changes in medieval society. Changes in Medieval Society Growing Food Supply Guilds Revival of Learning Urban life Flourishes Commercial Revolution

5. The Growing Food Supply Warmer Climate Deforestation Better Technology – Carruca – Horseshoe – Horse collar – Water wheels/Windmills – The 3-field system

6. Two-Field System Year 1CropsFallow Year 2FallowCrops Year 3CropsFallow Year 4FallowCrops

7. Three-Field System Year 1GrainsVegetablesFallow Year 2FallowGrainsVegetables Year 3VegetablesFallowGrains Year 4GrainsVegetablesFallow

8. Commercial Revolution Money economy Banking Trade fairs – Impact on business? – Impact on manor/town?

9. Control – Membership What is the process to become a master craftsmen? – Quality – Price – Shops in a town What attributes contributed to a family surname (last name) during the middle ages? Craft Guilds

10. Urban Life Flourishes Cause: Increased population Rise of towns-Settled around trade fairs near: – Crossroads – Ports – Rivers Local lords profit: taxes, tolls, rents Burghers – Charters of liberty Hazards: fire, disease  causes? Town air makes you free

11. Revival of Learning Classical libraries in Byzantine Empire and Muslim Spain – Gained Greek texts on Science Philosophy (esp. Plato & Aristotle) Law Math Medicine – Major influences Muslim scholars Ibn Sina and Ibn Rushd Spanish rabbi, Moses Maimonides

12. Medieval Universities 1 st University: Bologna, Italy 1 st in Western Europe: Paris – Influenced Oxford & Cambridge, which influenced US Students-Formed guilds, determined curriculum, rented halls for members, usually arranged by nationality Teachers-Regularly monks, Taught by lecture, usually in rented halls or churches Curriculum: Liberal Arts Degrees: Bachelors, Masters, Doctorate

13. Scholasticism Application of Aristotle’s logic to Biblical truths RELIGIONREASON – Brought unity between RELIGION and REASON Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologicae Classical influences in law and modern science

14. Vernacular Literature Dante-The Divine Comedy-Italian Rabelais-Gargantua & Pantagruel-French Cervantes-Don Quixote-Spanish

15. Why it matters now? The changes in the Middle Ages laid the foundations for modern Europe and America in terms of trade, the capitalist economics, and colleges and universities.

16. Review Questions How did guilds change the way business was conducted and products were made? How did increase trade affect serfs? Nobles? Merchants? Why were towns so influential in the social changes of the High Middle Ages? How did the Crusades influence the expansion of learning in the Middle Ages? Why might most students in Medieval universities come from the merchant class?

17. Extension Read: Aristotle’s Children:Aristotle’s Children – Rubenstein, Richard E.. Aristotle's Children: How Christians, Muslims, and Jews Rediscovered Ancient Wisdom and Illuminated the Dark Ages. 1. Harvest Books, 2004.