1. How a tattoo is applied & why they are permanent (or are they??) Outer skin forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures. layer of cells used mainly for fat storage and is our energy reserve. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMuBif1 mJz0

2. Tattoo Machine Needles move up and down into dermis 50 to 3000 times per minute Needles penetrate approximately 1mm into the dermis Deposits one drop of ink per injection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxLoycj4pJY

3. Permanence? Specialized white blood cells (macrophages) eat the ink in order to get rid of them. Most of the ink particles are too big to be absorbed by the white blood cells and what is left remain visible on the skin. Your immune system continues to ‚fight‘ the invading ink The remaining ink is slowly absorbed by other cells, which is why tattoos fade over time. (Olsen 2014) http://uk.businessinsider.com/how-does-laser- tattoo-removal-work-2015-6?r=US&IR=T

4. Removal To remove a tattoo a laser light beam breaks up the ink particles until they are small enough to be carried away by white blood cells. The lasers heat the ink particles to thousands of degrees The process usually requiring many sessions depending upon the size and color of the tattoo. Removal may also cause scarring. Black is the easiest to remove The frosting is actually Carbon dioxide is released by the penetrating laser and surfaces on the outer skin. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0 B7F5UbTOQ&feature=iv&src_vid=kxLoyc j4pJY&annotation_id=annotation_34553 48473

5. Bibliography Catton, Andrea. "FAQ: What Is the White Frosting Caused by Laser Tattoo Removal? - Andrea Catton Laser Clinic." Andrea Catton Laser Clinic, 29 Jan. 2015. Web. 26 Aug. 2015.. Del Prado, Guia. "Here's What Really Happens When You Remove a Tattoo with Lasers." Business Insider UK, 16 July 2015. Web. 26 Aug. 2015.. "How Tattoos Work." HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Aug. 2015.. Lintz, Carley. "FYI: What Makes Tattoos Permanent?" Popular Science, 13 June 2013. Web. 26 Aug. 2015.. Olsen, Samantha. "Permanent Ink Isn't As Permanent As You Think [VIDEO]." Medical Daily. N.p., 21 July 2014. Web. 26 Aug. 2015..

6. resources http://tattoos.lovetoknow.com/Dyes_and_Pigme nts http://tattoos.lovetoknow.com/Dyes_and_Pigme nts http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/tattoo -ink-mercury-and-other-toxins/ http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/tattoo -ink-mercury-and-other-toxins/ https://acsundergrad.wordpress.com/2013/07/1 1/the-chemistry-of-tattoo-ink/ https://acsundergrad.wordpress.com/2013/07/1 1/the-chemistry-of-tattoo-ink/ http://www.dyespigments.net/types-of- pigments.html http://www.dyespigments.net/types-of- pigments.html http://www.bfr.bund.de/en/faqs_on_tattoo_inks- 187895.html http://www.bfr.bund.de/en/faqs_on_tattoo_inks- 187895.html http://www.healthcare-online.org/How-Tattoos- Work.htmlhttp://www.healthcare-online.org/How-Tattoos- Work.html