1. Josh Goldsmith RELATIVE CLAUSES

2. Restrictive adjective clauses (relative clauses) Modify a noun Give information that is essential Start with who, whose, whom, that – for people which, that – for things Bethany is a model. She won America’s top model. Bethany is a model who won America’s top model.

3. Relative clauses That woman is beautiful. I saw her on TV. There are a lot of people. They are obsessed with fashion. I love children. They don’t care about beauty. That tattoo is ugly. Jennifer Lopez got it. There are many cultures in the world. They are fascinated by beauty.

4. Relative clauses with where, when, why Where, when and why are considered to be “relative adverbs”, and that, which, who, whom are considered to be “relative pronouns” Clauses with relative adverbs must have a subject and a verb The place where I went to school. They act like adverbs Since they have a subject and a verb, you can never omit the relative adverb (where, when or why).

5. Relative clauses with where, when, why Where: place My family lives in the town where I was born. When: time My favorite day of the week is Friday, when the weekend begins. Why: reason Do you know the reason why we are obsessed with beauty pageants?

6. Relative clauses with where, when, why Which and that can be substituted for where. If you substitute which or that for where, you must include a preposition. My family lives in the town where I was born. My family lives in the town in which I was born.

7. Non-restrictive adjective clauses Provide extra information. This information is not necessary. Cassandra is a model who works for special effects studios. Cassandra, who works for special effects studios, is a model. The studio, which is in Hollywood, does special effects.

8. Restrictive or non-restrictive? Students who have young children are invited to use the free daycare center. I left my son at the campus daycare center, which is free to all full-time students. John Wayne, who appeared in over 200 movies, was the biggest star of his time. I refuse to live in any house that Jack built. Merdine, who was born somewhere in Arkansas, grows homesick every time she hears people talking about farming and crops.

9. Restrictive or non-restrictive? My new running shoes, which cost more than a hundred dollars, fell apart during the marathon. I lent some money to Earl, whose house was destroyed in the flood. The thing that impresses me the most about America is the way parents obey their children. A physician who smokes and overeats has no right to criticize the personal habits of his patients. The beer that John loves has made me fat.