2. Energy Balance and Body Composition Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Studying = 1 or 2 kcalories/minute

3. Energy Balance Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

4. Food Composition Bomb calorimeter Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

5. Food Composition Direct calorimetry vs. indirect calorimetry Physiological fuel value Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

6. Food Intake Hunger Appetite Satiation Satiety Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

7. Food Intake Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

8. Food Intake Overriding hunger and satiety –Stress eating Sustaining satiation and satiety –satiating Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

9. Sustaining satiation and satiety –lower-fat foods can be eaten in larger portions for the same number of kcalories Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Food Intake

10. Hypothalamus –Neuropeptide Y Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

11. Thermogenesis Basal thermogenesis Exercise-induced thermogenesis Diet-induced thermogenesis Adaptive thermogenesis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

12. Components of Energy Expenditure Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

13. Components of Energy Expenditure Basal metabolism Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Resting metabolic rate (RMR) Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

15. Components of Energy Expenditure Physical activity Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

18. Components of Energy Expenditure Thermic effect of food (TEF) Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

19. Estimating Energy Requirements Gender Growth Age Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

20. Estimating Energy Requirements Physical activity Body composition Body size Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

21. Body Weight, Body Composition, and Health Body composition Body weight = fat + lean tissue (including water) Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

22. Defining Healthy Body Weight Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning The criterion of fashion: BMI of Miss America

23. Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

25. Defining Healthy Body Weight The criterion of health Body mass index (BMI) =weight (kg)/height (m) 2 Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

26. BMI Values Used to Assess Weight

27. Distribution of Body Weights in U.S. Adults Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

28. Body Fat and Its Distribution Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

29. Body Fat and Its Distribution Some people need less body fat Some people need more body fat Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

30. Body Fat and Its Distribution Fat distribution –Intra-abdominal fat –Central obesity Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

32. Body Fat and Its Distribution Waist circumference Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

33. Body Fat and Its Distribution Other measures of body composition –Fatfold measure –Hydrodensitometry –Bioelectrical impedance Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

34. Body Fat and Its Distribution Other measures of body composition –Air displacement plethysmography –Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

35. Methods Used to Assess Body Fat

36. Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat Health risks of underweight Health risks of overweight Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

37. BMI and Mortality

38. Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

39. Cancer Fat and fit versus sedentary and slim Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

40. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again The claims and truths of diet fads Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

43. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate diets –The diet’s appeal Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

44. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate diets –Don’t count kcalories –Satisfy hunger –Follow a plan –Limit choices Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

45. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate diets –Too much fat –Too much protein –Too little everything else –The body’s perspective Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning