2.  Carbohydrates  Source of energy for all living things  Monomer: monosaccharide (one sugar)  Lipids  Long term energy storage  Proteins  Enzymes, cell structures, determine traits  Help form muscle, skin, hair & nails  Monomer: amino acid  Nucleic Acids  Genetic material: provides information to your cells  DNA & RNA  Monomer: Nucleotide

3.  Proteins are made from the info in DNA  Watch video:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3fOXt4MrOM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3fOXt4MrOM  Remember:  Protein chain is determined by the mRNA and the order and type of amino acids made (be able to use a codon chart and give A.A. from the mRNA strand)  Order and type of A.A. determine type and function of protein  Function of cell determines which part of DNA is used (diff. cells use diff. parts of your DNA); ALL cells in your body have the same DNA)

4.  Enzymes are proteins  They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed (activation energy)  Enzymes are specific (Ex. Lactase ONLY breaks down the sugar in milk…lactose)  They can also be reused  Can be damaged by heat, pH, etc.  http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamak er/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamak er/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html

5.  Pathway of making a protein  DNA (nucleus)  mRNA (nucleus)  tRNA attaches proper A.A. to codon (cytoplasm and ribosome)  Pathway of protein in a cell  Ribosomes eventually assemble protein  Ribo’s are made in the nucleolus  They leave the nucleus along the E.R.  Assemble protein in the cytoplasm  Protein is packaged, sorted and shipped out by the Golgi

6.  Know the function of:  Nucleus  Lysosome  Ribosome  Golgi apparatus  Endoplasmic reticulum  Cell membrane  Mitochondria  chloroplast

7.  Diffusion:  Movement of any particle from a high concentration to a low concentration  Osmosis:  Diffusion of water (look at the water content to determine which direction it is going to move  Hypo: water in; cell swells  Hyper: water out; cell shrinks  Iso: water in AND out; cells stays the same  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeYTodBLHno http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeYTodBLHno

8.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgYPeeA BoUs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgYPeeA BoUs  Remember  Most life depends on plants for food in the form of carbohydrates  The sugar made during photosynthesis is glucose, a monosaccharide

9.  ALL cells respirate…even bacteria!  What process does the oxygen you breathe come from?  CR is very important b/c each process makes 36 ATP’s which is the energy molecule needed to carry on our daily activities  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGRDa_Y XXQA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGRDa_Y XXQA

10.  Body cells (skin, liver, heart, etc.)  Makes 2 new cells from 1  Identical to the original  Gametes! Sex cells  Remember….sex is not a game!  Egg, sperm, pollen, etc.  4 new cells from 1 original  Genetically DIFFERENT from parent cell

11.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVk0twJY L6Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVk0twJY L6Y  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qcmdb25 Rnyo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qcmdb25 Rnyo