2. Human Reproduction Chapter 10

3. A new human life begins when the male gamete(sperm cell) fuses with the female gamete (egg call) to form a new cell called a Zygote. The zygote will develop to form into a new individual. The sperm is made in the testes in the male reproductive system and the egg is made in the ovary of the female reproductive system. What is reproduction?

4. The Male reproductive system Testis-produces sperm and the male hormone Scrotum-controls temperature Sperm Duct- carries sperm from the testis to the penis. Seminal vesicle and prostate gland- produces fluid that the sperm swim in.(sperm +fluid = semen). Penis - delivers sperm into the woman’s body.

5. The Female Reproductive System Ovary-to produce eggs -to produce the female hormone Fallopian tube-to carry the egg towards the womb(fertilisation occurs here) Womb(uterus)- to hold the baby during pregnancy Cervix- the entrance of the womb Vagina- holds the penis during sexual intercourse.

6. Puberty This is the time (between the ages of 10 and 15) when sex hormones are released causing the body to mature. In boys, the voice deepens, and hair grows around the face, sex organs, chest and underarms.The penis and testis grow larger and sperm production begins. In girls, the breasts develop, hips widen, and hair begins to grow on the body. Eggs begin to be released and menstruation or having a period occurs.

7. The Menstrual cycle Day 1-5: Menstruation occurs.i.e. A period occurs. Day 6-13: The lining of the womb builds up with blood. Day 14: Ovulation. An egg is released from the ovary. Day 15-28: The lining of the womb remains built up The cycle is back to day 1 again: The Fertile period is the time when it is possible for the egg to be fertilised.

8. Fertilisation During sexual intercourse the erect penis is placed inside the woman’s vagina. This results in ejaculation, i.e. The release of semen from the penis.The sperm travel up to the fallopian tube. If an egg is present the sperm cell may fuse with it. This is fertilisation. The fertilised egg (zygote) continues to travel towards the womb and as it does so it divides several times to form a ball of cells. This group of cells is then implanted in the womb wall and the woman is now pregnant.

9. Pregnancy The average length of pregnancy is 40 weeks. Placenta Filters Oxygen and nutrients from the mothers blood Removes wastes from the foetus’ blood. Umbilical cord- connects the placenta to the foetus. Amniotic fluid- cushions the foetus

10. Birth The birth begins when the womb muscles start to contract. This is called labour. The bag of amniotic fluid bursts and further contractions push the baby out, usually head first. The umbilical cord is clamped and then cut. The placenta is pushed out shortly afterwards.