1. AIM: What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution? Ms. McMillan Global III November 29, 2011

2. The Industrial Revolution 1. The Industrial Revolution was a period, beginning around 1750, in which the means of production of goods shifted from hand tools to complex machines and from human and animal power to steam power. 2. During this period, technology developed rapidly and production increased. 3. The Industrial Revolution brought great changes into people’s lives.

3. Causes of the Industrial Revolution 1. Industrialization began in Britain. 2. Belgium, France, Germany, and the United States, and Kapan would all industrialize by the end of the 1800s. 3. In time, the Industrial Revolution would spread throughout the world. 4. It happened first in Britain for several reasons.

4. GEOGRAPHY 1. Britain had plenty of coal and iton ore needed for industrialization. 2. As an island, Britain had many natural harbors for trade. 3. Rivers served both as a means of transportation and as a source of power for factories.

5. Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

6. Metals, Woolens & Canals

7. Coalfields and Industrial Areas

8. Coal Mining in Britain (1800-1914) 18001 ton of coal50, 000 miners 185030 tons200, 000 miners 1880300 million tons500, 000 miners 1914250 million tons1, 200, 000 miners

9. British Pig Iron Production

10. POPULATION GROWTH AND CHANGE 1. Growth in population, resulting from the Agrarian Revolution, led to more available workers. 2. Because of the enclosure movement, fewer farm laborers were needed. 3. Many people moved to the cities, where they could work in factories.

11. Enclosure Movement

12. Enclosed Land Today

13. CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENT 1. The British overseas empire had made the economy strong. 2. As a result, the middle class had the capital to invest in mines, railroads and factories.

15. ENERGY AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Britain had experienced an energy revolution. 2. In the 1700s, people used giant water wheels to power new machines. 3. Soon coal was used to power giant steam engines, which would become an important power source for machines.

16. Water Wheels

17. CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WE ARE GOING TO FILL IN THE CHART TOGETHER!

18. AGRARIAN REVOLUTION Dutch build dykes to protect farmland from the sea and use animal fertilizer to improve soil Dutch build dykes to protect farmland from the sea and use animal fertilizer to improve soil British discover ways to produce more food and invent the seed drill British discover ways to produce more food and invent the seed drill BETTER FOOD PRODUCTION

19. POPULATION EXPLOSION People eat better People eat better Women give birth to healthier babies Women give birth to healthier babies Better medical care slows death rate Better medical care slows death rate MORE DEMAND FOR GOODS

20. ENERGY REVOLUTION Water wheels power new machines Water wheels power new machines Coal used to fuel steam engines Coal used to fuel steam engines FASTER PRODUCTION OF GOODS

21. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION