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18th c. Age of Enlightenment Intellectual ferment based on belief in human progress Changing views of God and the supernatural.

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Presentation on theme: "18th c. Age of Enlightenment Intellectual ferment based on belief in human progress Changing views of God and the supernatural."— Presentation transcript:

1 18th c. Age of Enlightenment Intellectual ferment based on belief in human progress Changing views of God and the supernatural

2 Early 18th c. Time of religious enthusiasm Music (e.g. J.S. Bach, Crucifixus from B Minor Mass, 1714) New forms of religious observance e.g. Lutheran Pietism

3 Methodism John Wesley (1703-91) Good works, preaching to ordinary people Equality of all Christians in God’s eyes Charles Wesley (1707-88)

4 J.C. Lavater (1741-1801) - Physiognomy F.A. Mesmer (1734-1815) - Mesmerism Freemasonry

5 Philosophes – Enlightenment thinkers Increasing role of public opinion with rising literacy rate Proliferation of publications Censorship and its evasion

6 Paris as centre of the Enlightenment Salons, hosted by salonnières 1751-72 Publication of Encyclopédie, ed. Denis Diderot (1713-84)

7 François-Marie Arouet, a.k.a. Voltaire (1694-1778) Advocate of tolerance 1727 Witnesses state funeral of Newton Friend of royalty, esp. Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia (r. 1740-86)

8 Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78) Artificial, corrupt nature of society Discourses on Arts and Sciences (1750) and Origin of Inequality (1755) The Social Contract (1762)

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