1. WHAT IS CRIME?

2. BY THE END OF THIS LESSON YOU… SHOULD BE ABLE TO Outline what is meant by Crime COULD BE ABLE TO Explain reasons why it is difficult to define and measure crime

3. Crime is…… In pairs write a definition of crime

4. IS THIS CRIMINAL? Growing drugs for your own use Male homosexual behaviour Fox hunting Euthanasia Abortion Smacking Incest War rape

5. Is crime a matter of opinion? Social norms change over time Legal crimes reflect social norms and values –Homosexuality –Women in bars –Placing a stamp upside down on an envelope Do you know anymore

6. What are the criminal trends are here? Crimes recorded by the police, 1876–2000. Source: Maguire, 1997, p. 158 ;

7. THE PROBLEM WITH STATISTICS They only count the number of acts rather than the number of criminals Some people aren’t aware that they are victims and therefore don’t report it Victims do not report crime for a variety of reasons. Why not? write down as many reasons you can think of

8. What does a criminal look like? Draw a picture of what you think a typical criminal looks like

9. Lombroso's (1876) theory of CRIMINOLOGY suggests that criminality is inherited and that someone "born criminal"' could be identified by the way they look MEET LOMBROSO Compare the features of your criminal with someone else’s. What do you have in common?

10. Biological Determinism (what we are born with due to inheritance) large jaw, forward projection of jaw, low sloping foreheads High cheekbones, flattened or upturned nose handle-shaped ears large chins, very prominent in appearance hawk-like noses or fleshy lips hard shifty eyes, scanty beard or baldness insensitivity to pain, long arms

11. William Sheldon 1942 suggests mesomorphs are linked to criminal behaviour – why do you think this is so? Mesomorph: characterized by large bones, solid torso, low fat levels, wide shoulders with a narrow waist. Ectomorph: characterized by long and thin muscles/limbs and low fat storage; receding chin, usually referred to as slim. Endomorph: characterized by increased fat storage, a wide waist and a large bone structure.

12. To what extent do these fit Lombrosos’ and/or Sheldon’s profile?

13. What do you think - Male or female?

14. Time of day affects your perception too Same Person but each photo has been digitally altered by adjusting the light and dark places in the image, which makes one face look like a boy's and the other a girl's. Courtesy of Richard Russell of Harvard University Isn't learning fun?

15. Are criminals born or made? 1. What system does the British Justice system adopt? 2. Complete the questionnaire ‘What is Crime?’

16. SUMMARY Crime is not an easy concept to define –Depends on factors such as TIME and CULTURE Crime is difficult to measure because it relies on accurate recording and measuring A criminal act is any behaviour that violates social norms, religious beliefs or legal boundaries