1. 14-1 Systems Development

2. 14-2 Concept of Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Definition of SDLC Stages of SDLC Traditional versus modern SDLCs

3. 14-3 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) An SDLC represents a set of general categories that show the major steps, over time, of an information systems development project.

4. 14-4 An Eight-Stage SDLC Project initiation Feasibility study Logical analysis and design Acquisition and development Implementation Operation Post-audit evaluation Maintenance

5. 14-5 SDLC

6. 14-6 Project Initiation Functional Manager Formal planning process IS organization

7. 14-7 Feasibility Studies Technology Economics Organizational factors Legal, ethical, and other constraints

8. 14-8 Logical Analysis and Design Determine the system’s functions How will it accomplish those functions Logical design Physical design / technical design

9. 14-9 Logical Design Generic IS functions: input, output, and storage Modeling tools: DFDs, ERDs User involvement

10. 14-10 Implementation Parallel conversion Direct cutover Pilot conversion Phased

11. 14-11 Traditional versus Modern SDLC Minimal overhead Flexibility and responsiveness Concurrent tasks Focused analysis

12. 14-12 Methods for Complex or Quickly Needed Systems Prototyping Rapid Application Development (RAD) Object-Oriented Development (OOD) End-User Development (EUD)

13. 14-13 Prototyping The prototyping approach to systems development is, in many ways, the very opposite of an old-style SDLC. The focus of prototyping is to develop something quickly from the users’ initial set of requirements. Then refine and extend it based on the users’ requirements, which are identified by using the prototype.

14. 14-14 Rapid Application Development Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodologies and tools have capabilities to meet the demands of the new environment.

15. 14-15 Components and Capabilities of RAD GUI development environment Reusable components Code generator Programming language

16. 14-16 Object-Oriented Development Benefits Reduces complexity of systems development Systems are quicker and easier to build and maintain Improves productivity – Objects may be reused

17. 14-17 Object-Oriented Development Benefits Systems are more flexible Allows analysis to think in real world terms Ideal for Web development

18. 14-18 End-User Development Trends Increasingly powerful desktop hardware Declining hardware costs Increasingly diverse software capabilities Increasingly computer-literate population Backlog of IS projects

19. 14-19 End-User Development Trends Development speed Business orientation Small applications Control Apparent cost savings

20. 14-20

21. 14-21 EUD Problems Additional spending –Hardware –Software –Training –Support Neglecting other duties

22. 14-22 EUD Problems Limited managerial technical skills Documentation Security

23. 14-23 EUD Solutions Auditing EUD programs Dividing computing responsibilities

24. 14-24 Third Party Software Application software packages Outsourcing Enterprise software

25. 14-25 Desirable outcomes and implementation issues Managerial considerations Acquiring New Systems

26. 14-26 Desirable Outcomes and Implementation Issues On-time On-budget Full functionality User acceptance Favorable costs-to-benefits ratio

27. 14-27 Desirable Outcomes and Implementation Issues Low maintenance Scalability Integration with other systems Minimal negative cross impacts Reusability

28. 14-28 Management Considerations Traditional SDLC methodology Prototyping Rapid Application Development (RAD) Object-Oriented Development (OOD) End-User Development (EUD) Purchasing or outsourcing

29. 14-29 System Development Issues Internet and intranet applications JAVA CASE tools IS-9000 Project planning

30. 14-30 Managerial Issues Importance Building interorganizational and international information systems Ethical and legal issues User involvement Traditional approaches vs. prototyping

31. 14-31 Managerial Issues Tool use by developers Quality assurance vs. schedules Behavior problems Perpetual development

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